Ramdani Chaimae, El Fakhouri Karim, Sbaghi Mohamed, Bouharroud Rachid, Boulamtat Rachid, Aasfar Abderrahim, Mesfioui Abdelhalim, El Bouhssini Mustapha
Entomology Laboratory, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat Institutes, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn-Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco.
Insects. 2021 Nov 9;12(11):1007. doi: 10.3390/insects12111007.
The carmine cochineal (Cockerell) is the major insect pest of the prickly-pear cactus (L.) in Morocco. The present study investigated the insecticidal activities of six essential oils (EOs) against nymphs and adult females of applied singly or in combination with a detergent under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, and L. essential oils showed a high level of insecticidal activity at 5%, with 98% and 92% females' mortality, respectively, 5 days after treatments. The and oils at 5% applied in combination with black soap at (60 g/L) induced the highest toxic activity on adult females, 100% and 96% at 5 days after treatments, respectively. Under field conditions, and oils at 5% in combination with black soap (60 g/L) showed the highest adult female mortalities with 96.33 and 92.56%, respectively, 7 days after the first application. The double application of oil at 5% significantly increased the mortality of adult females up to 91%, 5 days after the second spray. GC-MS analysis revealed that the most abundant constituent of and oils was pulegone (84.69%) and durenol (76.53%), respectively. These findings showed that the use of and in combination with black soap or in double sprays could be incorporated in the management package for the control of the wild cochineal , as a safe and natural alternative to chemical insecticides.
胭脂虫（科克雷尔）是摩洛哥仙人掌（L.）的主要害虫。本研究调查了六种精油（EOs）在实验室和田间条件下对胭脂虫若虫和成年雌虫的杀虫活性，这些精油单独使用或与一种洗涤剂混合使用。在实验室条件下，薄荷油和薰衣草油在5%浓度时表现出较高的杀虫活性，处理5天后雌虫死亡率分别为98%和92%。5%的迷迭香油和百里香油与黑肥皂（60克/升）混合使用对成年雌虫的毒性活性最高，处理5天后分别为100%和96%。在田间条件下，5%的薄荷油和薰衣草油与黑肥皂（60克/升）混合使用时，首次施药7天后成年雌虫死亡率最高，分别为96.33%和92.56%。5%的薄荷油二次施药5天后，成年雌虫死亡率显著提高至91%。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，薄荷油和薰衣草油中最主要的成分分别是长叶薄荷酮（84.69%）和杜伦醇（76.53%）。这些研究结果表明，将薄荷油和薰衣草油与黑肥皂混合使用或进行二次喷雾可纳入野生胭脂虫的防治管理方案中，作为化学杀虫剂的一种安全天然替代品。
