Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 17;20(12):2949. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122949.
In both developing and industrialized Countries, the growing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and the severity of its related complications make T2DM one of the most challenging metabolic diseases worldwide. The close relationship between genetic and environmental factors suggests that eating habits and unhealthy lifestyles may significantly affect metabolic pathways, resulting in dynamic modifications of chromatin-associated proteins and homeostatic transcriptional responses involved in the progression of T2DM. Epigenetic mechanisms may be implicated in the complex processes linking environmental factors to genetic predisposition to metabolic disturbances, leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction represents an earlier marker and an important player in the development of this disease. Dysregulation of the endothelial ability to produce and release vasoactive mediators is recognized as the initial feature of impaired vascular activity under obesity and other insulin resistance conditions and undoubtedly concurs to the accelerated progression of atherosclerotic lesions and overall cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. This review aims to summarize the most current knowledge regarding the involvement of epigenetic changes associated with endothelial dysfunction in T2DM, in order to identify potential targets that might contribute to pursuing "precision medicine" in the context of diabetic illness.
在发展中国家和工业化国家，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的患病率不断上升，以及其相关并发症的严重程度，使得 T2DM 成为全球最具挑战性的代谢性疾病之一。遗传和环境因素之间的密切关系表明，饮食习惯和不健康的生活方式可能会对代谢途径产生重大影响，导致与 T2DM 进展相关的染色质相关蛋白和稳态转录反应的动态改变。表观遗传机制可能与将环境因素与代谢紊乱的遗传易感性联系起来的复杂过程有关，导致肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）。内皮功能障碍是该疾病发展的早期标志物和重要参与者。在肥胖和其他胰岛素抵抗情况下，内皮产生和释放血管活性介质的能力失调被认为是血管活性受损的最初特征，这无疑加速了 T2DM 患者动脉粥样硬化病变的进展和整体心血管风险。本综述旨在总结与 T2DM 内皮功能障碍相关的表观遗传变化的最新知识，以确定可能有助于在糖尿病疾病背景下追求“精准医学”的潜在靶点。
