Moore Cathleen M, Stephens Teresa, Hein Elisabeth
University of Iowa, W311 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
Harford Community College, Bel Air, MD, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2020 Jan;82(1):181-192. doi: 10.3758/s13414-019-01763-y.
Anne Treisman and colleagues developed an influential theoretical framework surrounding the construct of "object files" as a means of understanding the functional need for an episodic representation of objects as they move, change, disappear, and reappear from view (Kahneman, Treisman, & Gibbs, Cognitive Psychology, 24, 175-219, 1992; Treisman, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40, 201-237, 1988). Within that framework, object files are defined through the process of object correspondence, whereby stimuli are associated with and represented as later instantiations of existing object representations and are used to selectively update those representations. A central assertion of the object file framework is that object correspondence is established on the basis of spatiotemporal continuity, without regard to feature information. We tested this assertion by investigating whether feature information, separate from spatiotemporal information, can determine how object correspondence is resolved. We used the perception of causality in simple dynamic displays, which provides a means of inferring how object correspondence is resolved. We found that, contrary to the spatiotemporal dominance assertion, feature information is used to resolve object correspondence. We suggest that the object-file framework be extended to reflect the importance of both feature and spatiotemporal information in establishing and maintaining episodic object representations.
安妮·特雷斯曼及其同事围绕“客体文件”这一概念构建了一个颇具影响力的理论框架，以此来理解当物体移动、变化、消失并重新出现在视野中时，对其进行情景表征的功能需求（卡尼曼、特雷斯曼和吉布斯，《认知心理学》，第24卷，第175 - 219页，1992年；特雷斯曼，《实验心理学季刊》，第40卷，第201 - 237页，1988年）。在该框架内，客体文件是通过客体对应过程来定义的，即刺激与现有客体表征的后续实例相关联并被表征为这些实例，且用于选择性地更新这些表征。客体文件框架的一个核心主张是，客体对应是基于时空连续性建立的，而不考虑特征信息。我们通过研究除时空信息之外的特征信息是否能决定客体对应如何解决来检验这一主张。我们利用简单动态显示中的因果关系感知，这提供了一种推断客体对应如何解决的方法。我们发现，与时空主导主张相反，特征信息被用于解决客体对应问题。我们建议扩展客体文件框架，以反映特征信息和时空信息在建立和维持情景客体表征中的重要性。
