a Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences , Shandong University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China.
b State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , People's Republic of China.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2019 Mar;45(2):162-181. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2018.1514365. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Widely used as drugs and agrochemicals, polyketides are a family of bioactive natural products, with diverse structures and functions. Polyketides are produced by megaenzymes termed as polyketide synthases (PKSs). PKS biosynthetic pathways are divided into the -AT PKSs and -AT PKSs; a division based mainly on the absence of an acyltransferase (AT) domain in the AT PKS modules. In -AT biosynthesis, the AT activity is contributed via one or several independent proteins, and there are few other characteristics that distinguish -AT PKSs from -AT PKSs, especially in the formation of the β-branch. The -AT PKSs constitute a major PKS pathway, and many are found in species, which are prevalent in the environment and prolific sources of polyketides. This review summarizes studies from 1973 to 2017 on the biosynthesis of natural products by -AT PKSs from species.
聚酮类化合物是一大类生物活性天然产物，具有多样的结构和功能，被广泛用作药物和农用化学品。它们由聚酮合酶（PKSs）这种巨型酶所产生。PKS 生物合成途径可分为酰基辅酶 A（酰基载体蛋白）依赖性聚酮合酶（-AT PKSs）和酰基辅酶 A 非依赖性聚酮合酶（-AT PKSs）；这种分类主要是基于 -AT PKS 模块中缺少酰基转移酶（AT）结构域。在 -AT 生物合成中，通过一个或几个独立的蛋白来提供 AT 活性，而且 -AT PKSs 与 -AT PKSs 之间几乎没有其他特征可以区分，尤其是在β-支链的形成方面。-AT PKSs 构成了主要的 PKS 途径，许多都存在于 物种中，它们在环境中很普遍，是聚酮类化合物的丰富来源。本综述总结了 1973 年至 2017 年间有关从 物种中 -AT PKSs 生物合成天然产物的研究。
