LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Sep;131:110595. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110595. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA) are prevalent mycotoxins co-occurring in food, and their oral intake is conceivable to occur in the gastrointestinal epithelium. The intestinal absorption of some mycotoxins has been studied but only considering their isolated intake, while their gastric absorption in humans has not been explored. This study evaluated the bidirectional in vitro transport of four mycotoxins, isolated and in mixture, across gastric NCI-N87 and intestinal Caco-2 monolayers. AFB1 and DON were bidirectionally transported, more rapidly for AFB1; whereas OTA and FB1 were only transported in the absorptive direction, the first in both monolayers, and the second only in the gastric epithelium. The mixture of four mycotoxins exhibited some differences in cell uptake/excretion ratios. AFB1 presented the highest fraction absorbed (>96%) isolated and in mixture, followed by DON (72.8 and 82.9%); and OTA (11 and 66%) when transported isolated and in mixture, respectively. Different absorptive patterns on both epithelia were found when mycotoxins are transported isolated or in mixture. Further investigation on combined ingestion of toxins and their mixed transport should be considered for the proper evaluation of human absorption and toxicity of those mycotoxins considering their frequent co-occurrence and consequent co-exposure.
黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、伏马菌素 B1（FB1）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）是常见的食品中存在的真菌毒素，它们的摄入可想象发生在胃肠道上皮细胞中。一些真菌毒素的肠道吸收已经被研究过，但仅考虑了它们的单独摄入，而它们在人类胃中的吸收尚未被探索。本研究评估了四种真菌毒素（单独和混合）在体外通过胃 NCI-N87 和肠 Caco-2 单层的双向转运。AFB1 和 DON 是双向转运的，AFB1 转运更快；而 OTA 和 FB1 仅在吸收方向转运，前者在两种单层中，后者仅在胃上皮中。四种真菌毒素的混合物在细胞摄取/排泄比方面表现出一些差异。AFB1 无论是单独还是混合时，其吸收分数（>96%）最高，其次是 DON（72.8 和 82.9%）；而 OTA 分别为 11%和 66%。当真菌毒素单独或混合运输时，在两种上皮细胞上发现了不同的吸收模式。应考虑对毒素的联合摄入及其混合转运进行进一步研究，以正确评估这些真菌毒素在考虑到它们频繁共存和随之而来的共同暴露时对人类吸收和毒性的影响。
