School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019 Jun 21;19(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2366-8.
Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are those born small for their gestational age, with weight below the 10th percentile. Not only do SGA infants suffer growth issues after birth, they have elevated risk for the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Current research has suggested that in cases of SGA infants, maternal milk and breastfeeding are not affected. The mother of an SGA infant was diagnosed with placental insufficiency and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during her pregnancy. The infant was born term, at 38 weeks 3 days, and SGA. The mother had a low milk supply and her milk composition differed from reference values such that the daily infant intake provided less than 50% of the required energy intake at 3 months.
In cases of SGA and/or GDM, maternal milk quality and quantity may be compromised. This requires follow-up in order to reduce the disease risk for SGA infants and the corresponding public health implications.
小于胎龄儿（SGA）是指出生体重低于同胎龄、同性别婴儿体重第 10 百分位数的婴儿。SGA 婴儿不仅在出生后会出现生长问题，而且在以后的生活中患代谢和心血管疾病的风险也会增加。目前的研究表明，在 SGA 婴儿的情况下，母乳和母乳喂养不受影响。SGA 婴儿的母亲在怀孕期间被诊断为胎盘功能不全和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）。婴儿足月出生，为 38 周 3 天，且为 SGA。母亲的乳汁供应不足，其乳汁成分与参考值不同，导致婴儿在 3 个月时的每日摄入量不足所需能量摄入的 50%。
在 SGA 和/或 GDM 的情况下，母乳的质量和数量可能受到影响。这需要进行随访，以降低 SGA 婴儿的疾病风险及相应的公共卫生影响。
