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Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Oct;132:110598. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110598. Epub 2019 Jun 19.
Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a polymer of formaldehyde used inter alia for kitchenware and food processing machines. By migration into food, consumers may be exposed to small additional amounts of formaldehyde in food. In order to address such potential exposures, Specific Migration Limits are derived using all studies with oral exposure in mammals and birds. The assessment is not only based on local irritation observed in a 2-year rat study that has previously served to calculate acceptable exposure levels, but also on systemic effects, namely on effects on the kidney in adult rats and testes in birds before sexual maturity. At the relatively high oral exposure levels (up to 2000 ppm in drinking water) long-term effects caused by formic acid, the first step metabolite of formaldehyde, such as acidosis, cannot be excluded. The lowest Specific Migration Limit of 2.74 mg/dm, corresponding to 16.5 mg formaldehyde/kg food, is based upon kidney effects in rats, leading to potential exposures that range between 2900 and 4400 times below the endogenous turnover of formaldehyde. Lastly, a recent migration study with POM showed that migration of formaldehyde into food simulants is over an order of magnitude below the lowest Specific Migration Limit derived herein.
聚甲醛（POM）是一种甲醛聚合物，用于厨房用具和食品加工机械等。通过向食品中迁移，消费者可能会在食品中接触到少量额外的甲醛。为了应对这种潜在的暴露，使用所有在哺乳动物和鸟类中进行的口服暴露研究来推导特定迁移限度。评估不仅基于先前用于计算可接受暴露水平的 2 年大鼠研究中观察到的局部刺激，还基于系统效应，即在成年大鼠肾脏和鸟类未成熟睾丸中的影响。在相对较高的口服暴露水平（饮用水中高达 2000 ppm）下，无法排除甲醛的第一步代谢产物甲酸引起的长期影响，如酸中毒。最低特定迁移限度为 2.74 mg/dm，相当于 16.5 mg 甲醛/kg 食物，这是基于大鼠肾脏的影响，导致潜在暴露量是内源性甲醛周转量的 2900 至 4400 倍以下。最后，最近一项关于 POM 的迁移研究表明，甲醛向食品模拟物中的迁移比本文推导的最低特定迁移限度低一个数量级以上。
