From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University (Dr. Kim, Dr. Sivasundaram, Dr. Trivedi, Dr. Gilmore, Dr. Gillespie, Dr. Salata, Dr. Liu, and Dr. Voos), and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH (Dr. Gillespie, Dr. Salata, and Dr. Voos).
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019 Jul 1;27(13):493-501. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00669.
INTRODUCTION: Participation of women in medicine has increased markedly in recent decades, but gender disparities still exist, particularly in academic medicine. To provide insight into the gender gap, specifically in academic orthopaedic sports medicine, we investigated the relationship between gender and authorship in orthopaedic sports literature from 1972 to 2018. METHODS: Information about every original article in four prominent orthopaedic sports medicine journals between 1972 and 2018 was extracted from PubMed. The proportions of female first, second, middle, and senior authors over time were determined. Gender influences on level of evidence, academic degrees, and academic productivity and longevity were also studied. Student t-test, multiple linear regression, chi-square test, Cochran-Armitage trend test, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine significance between groups. RESULTS: In our sample, 16.6% of all authors were female. The proportion of female authors increased from 2.6% (1972 to 1979) to 14.7% (2010 to 2018). Female authors averaged fewer publications (1.9 versus 2.8 articles for male authors) and were more likely to be attributed middle authorship (45.9% versus 37.1%) than senior authorship (14.7% versus 22.1%, P < 0.001). Female authors were more likely to be full-time research staff, such as a PhD (18.2% versus 9.0%, P < 0.001), which correlated with a higher level of evidence (B = -0.162, P < 0.001). Gender differences in academic longevity decreased over decades (1972 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, 2000 to 2008), demonstrated by decreasing significance of Kaplan-Meier log-rank tests (<0.01, <0.01, 0.045). CONCLUSION: Female investigators in orthopaedic sports medicine are authoring publications at a growing rate, increasing almost sevenfold from 1972 to 2018. Although women published two-thirds the volume of male investigators overall, and were more likely to be full-time research staff, gender differences in academic productivity and longevity have decreased over time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective Cohort Design, Observational Study.
简介：近年来，女性参与医学领域的人数明显增加，但性别差异仍然存在，尤其是在学术医学领域。为了深入了解这种性别差距，特别是在学术骨科运动医学领域，我们调查了 1972 年至 2018 年期间骨科运动文献中性别与作者身份之间的关系。
方法：从 PubMed 中提取了 1972 年至 2018 年间四份著名骨科运动医学期刊中每篇原始文章的信息。确定了女性第一、第二、中间和资深作者的比例随时间的变化情况。还研究了性别对证据水平、学位和学术生产力和寿命的影响。使用学生 t 检验、多元线性回归、卡方检验、Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验和 Kaplan-Meier 分析来确定组间的显著性。
结果：在我们的样本中，所有作者中有 16.6%是女性。女性作者的比例从 1972 年至 1979 年的 2.6%增加到 2010 年至 2018 年的 14.7%。女性作者平均发表的文章较少（男性作者为 1.9 篇，女性作者为 2.8 篇），且更有可能担任中级作者（45.9%对 37.1%，P <0.001），而不是资深作者（14.7%对 22.1%，P <0.001）。女性作者更有可能是全职研究人员，如博士（18.2%对 9.0%，P <0.001），这与更高的证据水平相关（B = -0.162，P <0.001）。性别在学术寿命方面的差异在几十年内逐渐缩小（1972 年至 1989 年，1990 年至 1999 年，2000 年至 2008 年），这表明 Kaplan-Meier 对数秩检验的显著性降低（<0.01，<0.01，0.045）。
结论：骨科运动医学领域的女性研究人员发表论文的速度呈增长趋势，从 1972 年到 2018 年增长了近七倍。尽管女性的总出版量仅为男性的三分之二，但她们更有可能是全职研究人员，但性别在学术生产力和寿命方面的差异随着时间的推移而逐渐缩小。
证据水平：三级，回顾性队列设计，观察性研究。
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