Ezzell J W, Abshire T G
Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701-5011.
Infect Immun. 1988 Feb;56(2):349-56. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.2.349-356.1988.
Sera from Hartley guinea pigs vaccinated with a veterinary live spore anthrax vaccine were compared with sera from guinea pigs vaccinated with the human anthrax vaccine, which consists of aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed culture proteins of Bacillus anthracis V770-NP-1R. Sera from animals vaccinated with the spore vaccine recognized two major B. anthracis vegetative cell-associated proteins that were either not recognized or poorly recognized by sera from animals that received the human vaccine. These proteins, termed extractable antigens 1 (EA1) and 2 (EA2), have molecular masses of 91 and 62 kilodaltons, respectively. The EA1 protein appeared to be coded by chromosomal DNA, whereas the EA2 protein was only detected in strains that possessed the pXO1 toxin plasmid. Both of the extractable antigen proteins were serologically distinct from the components of anthrax edema toxin and lethal toxin. Following vaccination with the live spore vaccine, the EA1 protein was the predominant antigen recognized, as determined by electrophoretic immunotransblots. Vaccine trials with partially purified EA1 demonstrated that it neither elicits protective antibody against anthrax nor delays time to death in guinea pigs challenged intramuscularly with virulent Ames strain spores. In addition, animals vaccinated with sterile gamma-irradiated cell walls had significant antibody titers to the N-acetylglucosamine-galactose polysaccharide of B. anthracis but were neither protected nor had a delay in time to death following challenge.
将接种兽用活芽孢炭疽疫苗的哈特利豚鼠血清与接种人用炭疽疫苗的豚鼠血清进行比较，人用炭疽疫苗由吸附在氢氧化铝上的炭疽芽孢杆菌V770-NP-1R培养蛋白组成。接种芽孢疫苗的动物血清识别出两种主要的与炭疽芽孢杆菌营养细胞相关的蛋白，而接种人用疫苗的动物血清要么无法识别，要么只能微弱识别这些蛋白。这些蛋白分别称为可提取抗原1（EA1）和2（EA2），分子量分别为91和62千道尔顿。EA1蛋白似乎由染色体DNA编码，而EA2蛋白仅在携带pXO1毒素质粒的菌株中检测到。两种可提取抗原蛋白在血清学上均与炭疽水肿毒素和致死毒素的成分不同。通过电泳免疫印迹法测定，接种活芽孢疫苗后，EA1蛋白是主要识别的抗原。用部分纯化的EA1进行疫苗试验表明，它既不能诱导针对炭疽的保护性抗体，也不能在肌肉注射强毒埃姆斯菌株芽孢攻击的豚鼠中延迟死亡时间。此外，接种无菌γ射线辐照细胞壁的动物对炭疽芽孢杆菌的N-乙酰葡糖胺-半乳糖多糖有显著的抗体滴度，但在攻击后既没有得到保护，也没有延迟死亡时间。
