Kaplan H A
Psychoanal Rev. 1987 Winter;74(4):465-86.
Nostalgia is distinguished from depression, of which it was originally considered a variant. It is described as a pleasurable affect involving warm memories of the past. For nostalgia to be normal, it must contain a depressive component that is related to the recognition that the past is irrevocable. In its pathological form, the mood contains only the elated aspects without the acceptance of loss, or what could be described as bittersweet sentiment. The pathological form serves mainly denial and functions like a screen affect. I have attempted to show how particular developments play a role in pathological nostalgia, namely, screen affects, ego ideal formation, and rescue and family romance fantasies. The patients that were described enlisted their nostalgic pursuits as a way of remaining close to the past. These pursuits served both a defensive function, as a way of avoiding the humiliation of oedipal and later defeats, as well as offering them instinctual gratification through fantasy.
怀旧不同于抑郁症，它最初被认为是抑郁症的一种变体。怀旧被描述为一种愉悦的情感，包含对过去温暖的回忆。要使怀旧正常，它必须包含与认识到过去不可挽回相关的抑郁成分。在其病理形式中，情绪只包含兴高采烈的方面，而没有接受失去，或者可以说是没有苦乐参半的情感。病理形式主要起到否认的作用，就像一种屏蔽情感。我试图展示特定的发展过程在病理性怀旧中是如何起作用的，即屏蔽情感、自我理想的形成以及拯救和家族罗曼史幻想。所描述的患者将他们的怀旧追求作为一种与过去保持亲近的方式。这些追求既起到防御作用，作为一种避免俄狄浦斯情结及后来失败带来的羞辱的方式，同时也通过幻想为他们提供本能的满足。
