Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nature. 2019 Jul;571(7766):505-509. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1338-5. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
The evolution of gene expression in mammalian organ development remains largely uncharacterized. Here we report the transcriptomes of seven organs (cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, kidney, liver, ovary and testis) across developmental time points from early organogenesis to adulthood for human, rhesus macaque, mouse, rat, rabbit, opossum and chicken. Comparisons of gene expression patterns identified correspondences of developmental stages across species, and differences in the timing of key events during the development of the gonads. We found that the breadth of gene expression and the extent of purifying selection gradually decrease during development, whereas the amount of positive selection and expression of new genes increase. We identified differences in the temporal trajectories of expression of individual genes across species, with brain tissues showing the smallest percentage of trajectory changes, and the liver and testis showing the largest. Our work provides a resource of developmental transcriptomes of seven organs across seven species, and comparative analyses that characterize the development and evolution of mammalian organs.
哺乳动物器官发育中基因表达的演化在很大程度上仍未被阐明。在这里，我们报告了来自人类、恒河猴、小鼠、大鼠、兔、负鼠和鸡的七个器官（大脑、小脑、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、卵巢和睾丸）在早期器官发生到成年期的多个发育时间点的转录组数据。对基因表达模式的比较确定了物种间发育阶段的对应关系，以及在性腺发育过程中关键事件的时间差异。我们发现，在发育过程中，基因表达的广度和纯化选择的程度逐渐降低，而正选择的数量和新基因的表达增加。我们发现了个体基因在不同物种间表达的时间轨迹的差异，其中脑组织表现出最小百分比的轨迹变化，而肝脏和睾丸则表现出最大的变化。我们的工作提供了七个物种七个器官的发育转录组资源，以及对描述哺乳动物器官发育和演化的比较分析。
