School of Education, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
Evaluation Center, School of Education, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
Br J Educ Psychol. 2019 Sep;89(3):456-467. doi: 10.1111/bjep.12297. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
The International Performance Assessments of Learning (iPAL) project developed a framework for the construction of performance assessments for testing critical thinking, which proposes structuring them around a problem situation that sets an authentic (i.e., real-life-like) problem-solving task for the test-taker. Its critical thinking construct - which reflects the dominant conception of critical thinking - focuses on assessment and use of information, of arguments, and of consequences, and on communication. However, it fails to acknowledge that perspectives on a problem situation are systemically articulated in networks and derive from worldviews, which should also be critically examined.
We aim to elaborate on the iPAL framework and enhance its critical thinking construct, incorporating a new facet of perspective analysis. We also intend to show what design considerations the construction of a performance assessment appropriate for this task entails.
Based on Werner Ulrich's Critical Systems Heuristics, which provides a systemic way of analysing perspectives about a problem situation, we argue the need to introduce perspective analysis in the critical thinking construct, and we discuss the considerations necessary for designing critical thinking performance assessments that test perspective analysis skills: about the kind of problem situation the test-taker will face and about the expectations she may have about her task or role in that problem situation. We illustrate how performance assessments of this kind can be constructed by means of an example of an actual test.
国际学习表现评估（iPAL）项目开发了一个构建表现评估的框架，用于测试批判性思维，该框架建议围绕一个问题情境来构建，为测试者设置一个真实的（即类似于现实生活的）解决问题的任务。其批判性思维构建——反映了批判性思维的主导概念——侧重于评估和使用信息、论证和后果，并侧重于沟通。然而，它没有认识到对问题情境的看法是系统地在网络中表达的，并源于世界观，也应该对此进行批判性地审视。
我们旨在详细阐述 iPAL 框架，并增强其批判性思维构建，纳入一个新的视角分析方面。我们还旨在展示构建适合这一任务的表现评估所需的设计考虑因素。
基于 Werner Ulrich 的批判系统启发法，该方法提供了一种系统分析问题情境的视角的方法，我们认为有必要在批判性思维构建中引入视角分析，并讨论设计测试视角分析技能的批判性思维表现评估所需的考虑因素：关于测试者将面临的问题情境的种类，以及她对自己在该问题情境中的任务或角色的期望。我们通过一个实际测试的例子来说明如何构建这类表现评估。
