Burgdorf Virginia, Szabó Marianna, Abbott Maree J
School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 6;10:1336. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01336. eCollection 2019.
The psychological well-being of parents and children is compromised in families characterized by greater parenting stress. As parental mindfulness is associated with lower parenting stress, a growing number of studies have investigated whether mindfulness interventions can improve outcomes for families. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for parents, in reducing parenting stress and improving youth psychological outcomes. A literature search for peer-reviewed articles and dissertations was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in the PsycInfo, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases. Studies were included if they reported on a mindfulness-based intervention delivered in person to parents with the primary aim of reducing parenting stress or improving youth psychological outcomes. Twenty-five independent studies were included in the review. Eighteen studies used a single group design and six were randomized controlled trials. Within-groups, meta-analysis indicated a small, post-intervention reduction in parenting stress ( = 0.34), growing to a moderate reduction at 2 month follow-up ( = 0.53). Overall, there was a small improvement in youth outcomes ( = 0.27). Neither youth age or clinical status, nor time in mindfulness training, moderated parenting stress or overall youth outcome effects. Youth outcomes were not moderated by intervention group attendees. Change in parenting stress predicted change in youth externalizing and cognitive effects, but not internalizing effects. In controlled studies, parenting stress reduced more in mindfulness groups than control groups ( = 0.44). Overall, risk of bias was assessed as serious. Mindfulness interventions for parents may reduce parenting stress and improve youth psychological functioning. While improvements in youth externalizing and cognitive outcomes may be explained by reductions in parenting stress, it appears that other parenting factors may contribute to improvements in youth internalizing outcomes. Methodological weaknesses in the reviewed literature prevent firm conclusions from being drawn regarding effectiveness. Future research should address these methodological issues before mindfulness interventions for parents are recommended as an effective treatment option for parents or their children.
在以更大的育儿压力为特征的家庭中，父母和孩子的心理健康会受到损害。由于父母正念与较低的育儿压力相关，越来越多的研究调查了正念干预是否能改善家庭的状况。本系统综述和荟萃分析评估了针对父母的正念干预在减轻育儿压力和改善青少年心理状况方面的有效性。按照PRISMA指南，在PsycInfo、Medline、PubMed、CINAHL、科学网、Cochrane对照试验中央注册库和ProQuest学位论文数据库中对同行评审的文章和学位论文进行了文献检索。如果研究报告了以减轻育儿压力或改善青少年心理状况为主要目的、亲自对父母实施的基于正念的干预，则纳入研究。该综述纳入了25项独立研究。18项研究采用单组设计，6项为随机对照试验。组内荟萃分析表明，干预后育儿压力有小幅降低（g = 0.34），在2个月随访时增至中度降低（g = 0.53）。总体而言，青少年状况有小幅改善（g = 0.27）。青少年年龄或临床状态，以及正念训练时间，均未调节育儿压力或总体青少年状况的影响。青少年状况不受干预组参与者的调节。育儿压力的变化预测了青少年外化和认知方面的变化，但未预测内化方面的变化。在对照研究中，正念组的育儿压力比对照组降低得更多（g = 0.44）。总体而言，偏倚风险被评估为严重。针对父母的正念干预可能会减轻育儿压力并改善青少年的心理功能。虽然青少年外化和认知结果的改善可能可以通过育儿压力的降低来解释，但似乎其他育儿因素可能有助于青少年内化结果的改善。所审查文献中的方法学缺陷妨碍就有效性得出确凿结论。在将针对父母的正念干预推荐为对父母或其子女有效的治疗选择之前，未来的研究应解决这些方法学问题。
