SDU Life Cycle Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Environmental Technology , University of Southern Denmark , 5230 Odense , Denmark.
Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management , Technische Universität Wien , 1040 Vienna , Austria.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Aug 6;53(15):8499-8515. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06652. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Built environment stocks (buildings and infrastructures) play multiple roles in our socio-economic metabolism: they serve as the backbone of modern societies and human well-being, drive the material cycles throughout the economy, entail temporal and spatial lock-ins on energy use and emissions, and represent an extensive reservoir of secondary materials. This review aims at providing a comprehensive and critical review of the state of the art, progress, and prospects of built environment stocks research which has boomed in the past decades. We included 249 publications published from 1985 to 2018, conducted a bibliometric analysis, and assessed the studies by key characteristics including typology of stocks (status of stock and end-use category), type of measurement (object and unit), spatial boundary and level of resolution, and temporal scope. We also highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of different estimation approaches. A comparability analysis of existing studies shows a clearly higher level of stocks per capita and per area in developed countries and cities, confirming the role of urbanization and industrialization in built environment stock growth. However, more spatially refined case studies (e.g., on developing cities and nonresidential buildings) and standardization and improvement of methodology (e.g., with geographic information system and architectural knowledge) and data (e.g., on material intensity and lifetime) would be urgently needed to reveal more robust conclusions on the patterns, drivers, and implications of built environment stocks. Such advanced knowledge on built environment stocks could foster societal and policy agendas such as urban sustainability, circular economy, climate change, and United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
建筑环境存量（建筑物和基础设施）在我们的社会经济代谢中发挥着多种作用：它们是现代社会和人类福祉的支柱，驱动着整个经济的物质循环，在能源使用和排放方面存在时间和空间上的锁定，并且代表着大量的二次材料储备。本综述旨在对过去几十年中蓬勃发展的建筑环境存量研究的现状、进展和前景进行全面而批判性的回顾。我们纳入了 1985 年至 2018 年期间发表的 249 篇出版物，进行了文献计量分析，并根据关键特征评估了这些研究，包括存量的类型（存量的状态和最终用途类别）、测量类型（对象和单位）、空间边界和分辨率水平以及时间范围。我们还强调了不同估计方法的优缺点。对现有研究的可比性分析表明，发达国家和城市的人均和单位面积建筑环境存量明显较高，这证实了城市化和工业化在建筑环境存量增长中的作用。然而，更需要进行空间精细化的案例研究（例如，关于发展中城市和非住宅建筑）以及方法学的标准化和改进（例如，使用地理信息系统和建筑知识）和数据（例如，关于材料强度和使用寿命），以揭示关于建筑环境存量模式、驱动因素和影响的更稳健结论。这种关于建筑环境存量的先进知识可以促进社会和政策议程，如城市可持续性、循环经济、气候变化和联合国 2030 年可持续发展目标。
