Wiedenhofer Dominik, Streeck Jan, Wieland Hanspeter, Grammer Benedikt, Baumgart André, Plank Barbara, Helbig Christoph, Pauliuk Stefan, Haberl Helmut, Krausmann Fridolin
Institute of Social Ecology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria.
Ecological Resource Technology University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany.
J Ind Ecol. 2024 Dec;28(6):1464-1480. doi: 10.1111/jiec.13575. Epub 2024 Nov 12.
Material stocks of infrastructure, buildings, and machinery are the biophysical basis of production and consumption. They are a crucial lever for resource efficiency and a sustainable circular economy. While material stock research has proliferated over the last years, most studies investigated specific materials or end-uses, usually not embedded into an economy-wide perspective. Herein, we present a novel version of the economy-wide, dynamic, inflow-driven model of material inputs, stocks, and outputs (), and present a global, country-level application. Currently, MISO2 covers 14 supply chain processes from raw material extraction to processing, trade, recycling, and waste management, as well as 13 end-uses of stocks. The derived database covers 23 raw materials and 20 stock-building materials, across 177 countries from 1900 to 2016. We find that total material stocks amount to 1093 Gt in 2016, of which the majority are residential (290 Gt) and non-residential buildings (234 Gt), as well as civil engineering (243 Gt), and roads (313 Gt). The other nine end-uses covering stationary and mobile machinery, as well as short-lived products, amount to 13 Gt. Material stocks per capita are highly unequally distributed around the world, with one order of magnitude difference between low- and high-income countries. Results agree well with similar global country-level studies. Low data quality for some domains, especially for lower-income countries and for sand and gravel aggregates, warrant further attention. In conclusion, the MISO2 model and the derived database provide stock-flow consistent perspectives of the socio-economic metabolism around the world, enabling multiple novel and policy relevant research opportunities. This article met the requirements for a silver-gold data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
基础设施、建筑物和机器的物质存量是生产和消费的生物物理基础。它们是提高资源效率和实现可持续循环经济的关键杠杆。尽管物质存量研究在过去几年中不断涌现，但大多数研究都集中在特定材料或最终用途上，通常没有从全经济视角进行考量。在此，我们展示了一个全新的全经济范围、动态、由流入驱动的物质投入、存量和产出模型（），并呈现了其在全球国家层面的应用。目前，MISO2涵盖了从原材料提取到加工、贸易、回收和废物管理的14个供应链流程，以及13种存量的最终用途。所得到的数据库涵盖了1900年至2016年期间177个国家的23种原材料和20种存量积累材料。我们发现，2016年物质存量总量达10930亿吨，其中大部分是住宅（2900亿吨）和非住宅建筑（2340亿吨），以及土木工程（2430亿吨）和道路（3130亿吨）。其他九种涵盖固定和移动机器以及短期产品的最终用途总量为130亿吨。人均物质存量在全球分布极不均衡，低收入国家和高收入国家之间相差一个数量级。研究结果与类似的全球国家层面研究结果高度吻合。某些领域数据质量较低，尤其是低收入国家以及砂石集料领域的数据质量，值得进一步关注。总之，MISO2模型和所得到的数据库提供了全球社会经济新陈代谢的存量-流量一致视角，带来了多个新颖且与政策相关的研究机会。本文符合http://jie.click/badges所描述的银-金数据开放徽章的要求。
