Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Jul 15;62(7):2141-2170. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0274. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Purpose The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI), a speech production test battery assessing phonological and speech motor skills in 4 tasks: (1) picture naming, (2) nonword imitation, (3) word and nonword repetition, and (4) maximum repetition rate (MRR). Method Normative data were collected in 1,524 typically developing Dutch-speaking children (aged between 2;0 and 7;0 [years;months]). Parameters were extracted on segmental and syllabic accuracy (Tasks 1 and 2), consistency (Task 3), and syllables per second (Task 4). Interrater reliability and test-retest reliability were analyzed using subgroups of the normative sample and studied by estimating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Construct validity was investigated by determining age-related changes of test results and factor analyses of the extracted speech measures. Results ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from sufficient to good, except for percentage of vowels correct of picture naming and nonword imitation and for the MRRs for bisyllabic and trisyllabic items. The ICCs for test-retest reliability were sufficient (picture naming, nonword imitation) to insufficient (word and nonword repetition, MRR) due to larger-than-expected normal development and learning effects. Continuous norms showed developmental patterns for all CAI parameters. The factor analyses revealed 5 meaningful factors: all picture-naming parameters, the segmental parameters of nonword imitation, the syllabic structure parameters of nonword imitation, (non)word repetition consistency, and all MRR parameters. Conclusion Its overall sufficient to good psychometric properties indicate that the CAI is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of typical and delayed speech development in Dutch children in the ages of 2-7 years.
目的 本研究旨在评估计算机发音评估仪（CAI）的可靠性和有效性，该测试工具包含 4 个任务，用于评估语音产生的音系和语音运动技能：（1）图片命名，（2）非词模仿，（3）单词和非词重复，以及（4）最大重复率（MRR）。
方法 正常数据采集于 1524 名荷兰语母语的典型发育儿童（年龄 2；0 至 7；0 岁；月）。在 4 个任务中提取了关于音段和音节准确性（任务 1 和 2）、一致性（任务 3）和音节每秒（任务 4）的参数。使用正常样本的子组分析了评分者间信度和测试-重测信度，并通过估计组内相关系数（ICC）进行了研究。通过确定与年龄相关的测试结果变化和对提取的语音测量值进行因子分析，研究了构效关系的有效性。
结果 评分者间信度的 ICC 值从充足到良好不等，除了图片命名和非词模仿的元音比例以及双音节和三音节的 MRR 外。由于正常发育和学习效应的影响，测试-重测信度的 ICC 值从充足（图片命名、非词模仿）到不足（单词和非词重复、MRR）。连续的常模显示了所有 CAI 参数的发展模式。因子分析揭示了 5 个有意义的因子：所有图片命名参数、非词模仿的音段参数、非词模仿的音节结构参数、（非）词重复一致性以及所有 MRR 参数。
结论 其整体上充足到良好的心理测量特性表明，CAI 是一种可靠且有效的工具，可用于评估荷兰儿童 2-7 岁时的典型和延迟言语发展。
