1990-1991 年海湾战争时期退伍军人的性别差异：人口统计学、生活方式行为和健康状况。
Gender-based Differences among 1990-1991 Gulf War Era Veterans: Demographics, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Health Conditions.
机构信息
VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Public Health, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina.
VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina.
出版信息
Womens Health Issues. 2019 Jun 25;29 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S47-S55. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.004.
OBJECTIVE
The 1990-1991 Gulf War employed more women servicemembers than any prior conflict. Gender-based differences among veterans of this era have yet to be explored. This study is among the first and most recent to stratify Gulf War veteran demographics, lifestyle factors, and self-reported diagnoses by gender.
METHODS
Data from the cross-sectional Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository pilot study (n = 1,318; collected between 2014 and 2016), including users and nonusers of the Veterans Health Administration, were used to calculate demographics and adjusted odds ratios.
RESULTS
Women veterans were oversampled and comprised approximately 23% of the sample. Women reported similar rates of Veterans Health Administration use (44%) and deployment (67%) as men (46% and 72%, respectively). Women were less likely than men to report frequent alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.81; p = .0009) or have a history of smoking (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49-0.84; p = .0014). Among common health conditions, women were more likely than men to report a diagnosis of osteoporosis (aOR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.39-7.51; p < .0001), bipolar disorder (aOR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.15-4.04; p = .0167), depression (aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.81-3.16; p < .0001), irritable bowel syndrome (aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.43-3.09; p = .0002), migraines (aOR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.18-4.01; p < .0001), asthma (aOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.29-2.67; p = .0008), and thyroid problems (aOR, 4.60; 95% CI, 3.14-6.73; p < .0001). Women were less likely than men to report hypertension (aOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41-0.72; p < .0001), tinnitus (aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33-0.63; p < .0001), and diabetes (aOR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28-0.69; p = .0003).
CONCLUSIONS
Health differences exist between female and male veterans from the 1990-1991 Gulf War. Gender-specific analyses are needed to better understand the unique health care needs of Gulf War Era veterans and direct future research.
目的
1990-1991 年海湾战争动用的女兵比以往任何一场冲突都多。这一时期退伍军人的性别差异尚未得到探索。本研究是最早和最近的研究之一，对海湾战争退伍军人的人口统计学、生活方式因素和自我报告的诊断进行了性别分层。
方法
使用来自横断面海湾战争时代队列和生物库试点研究的数据（n=1318；收集于 2014 年至 2016 年之间），包括退伍军人事务部的用户和非用户，计算人口统计学和调整后的优势比。
结果
女性退伍军人被过度抽样，约占样本的 23%。女性报告的退伍军人事务部使用率（44%）和部署率（67%）与男性相似（分别为 46%和 72%）。与男性相比，女性更不可能报告频繁饮酒（调整后的优势比[aOR]，0.59；95%置信区间[CI]，0.43-0.81；p=0.0009）或有吸烟史（aOR，0.65；95%CI，0.49-0.84；p=0.0014）。在常见的健康状况中，与男性相比，女性更有可能报告骨质疏松症（aOR，4.24；95%CI，2.39-7.51；p<0.0001）、双相情感障碍（aOR，2.15；95%CI，1.15-4.04；p=0.0167）、抑郁症（aOR，2.39；95%CI，1.81-3.16；p<0.0001）、肠易激综合征（aOR，2.10；95%CI，1.43-3.09；p=0.0002）、偏头痛（aOR，2.96；95%CI，2.18-4.01；p<0.0001）、哮喘（aOR，1.86；95%CI，1.29-2.67；p=0.0008）和甲状腺问题（aOR，4.60；95%CI，3.14-6.73；p<0.0001）。与男性相比，女性更不可能报告高血压（aOR，0.55；95%CI，0.41-0.72；p<0.0001）、耳鸣（aOR，0.46；95%CI，0.33-0.63；p<0.0001）和糖尿病（aOR，0.44；95%CI，0.28-0.69；p=0.0003）。
结论
1990-1991 年海湾战争的女性退伍军人和男性退伍军人之间存在健康差异。需要进行性别分析，以更好地了解海湾战争退伍军人的独特医疗保健需求，并指导未来的研究。
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