Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Health Psychol. 2019 Oct;38(10):855-865. doi: 10.1037/hea0000757. Epub 2019 Jul 1.
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials designed to promote smoking cessation among cancer survivors to (a) assess how effective interventions are at increasing quit rates, and (b) determine which intervention strategies are associated with effect sizes.
Out of 10,848 records that were located using computerized searches and informal sources, 21 interventions met the inclusion criteria for the review. We developed a bespoke taxonomy of 36 categories of techniques designed to change smoking behavior, and coded sample, intervention, and methodological characteristics. Random effects meta-analysis and metaregressions were conducted.
The sample-weighted average effect size for smoking cessation was d+ = .030, and was not significantly different from zero (95%CI = -.042 to .101). Effect sizes exhibited both publication bias and small sample bias. Metaregressions indicated that, out of the many potential moderators that were tested, just a single intervention feature was associated with effect sizes. Interventions delivered solely by nurses exhibited larger effects compared to interventions from other sources.
The present review indicates that current smoking cessation interventions for cancer survivors are ineffective. High-quality and effective interventions are needed. We offer suggestions regarding promising intervention strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
我们对旨在促进癌症幸存者戒烟的随机对照试验进行了荟萃分析，以（a）评估干预措施在提高戒烟率方面的有效性，以及（b）确定哪些干预策略与效应大小相关。
在使用计算机搜索和非正规来源找到的 10848 条记录中，有 21 项干预措施符合本综述的纳入标准。我们制定了一个专门的分类法，其中包含 36 类旨在改变吸烟行为的技术，并对样本、干预和方法特征进行了编码。进行了随机效应荟萃分析和元回归。
样本加权平均戒烟效果大小为 d+ =.030，与零无显著差异（95%CI = -.042 至.101）。效应大小既存在发表偏倚，也存在小样本偏倚。元回归表明，在测试的许多潜在调节因素中，只有一个干预特征与效应大小相关。仅由护士提供的干预措施与其他来源的干预措施相比，效果更大。
本综述表明，目前针对癌症幸存者的戒烟干预措施无效。需要高质量和有效的干预措施。我们提供了有关有前途的干预策略的建议。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
