Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC) Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2021 Feb;69:293-306. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.017. Epub 2019 Jun 29.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide due to a lack of early detection methods and appropriate drug delivery strategies. Conventional imaging techniques cannot accurately distinguish benign from malignant tissue, leading to frequent misdiagnosis or diagnosis at late stages of the disease. Novel screening tools with improved accuracy and diagnostic precision are thus required to reduce the mortality burden of this malignancy. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies, including radio- and chemotherapies carry adverse side effects and are limited by the development of drug resistance. Recent advances in nanotechnology have rendered it an attractive approach for designing novel clinical solutions for CRC. Nanoparticle-based formulations could assist early tumor detection and help to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies including poor aqueous solubility, nonspecific biodistribution and limited bioavailability. In this review, we shed light on various types of nanoparticles used for diagnosis and drug delivery in CRC. In addition, we will explore how these nanoparticles can improve diagnostic accuracy and promote selective drug targeting to tumor sites with increased efficiency and reduced cytotoxicity against healthy colon tissue.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最致命的疾病之一，原因是缺乏早期检测方法和适当的药物输送策略。传统的成像技术无法准确区分良性和恶性组织，导致经常误诊或在疾病晚期诊断。因此，需要具有更高准确性和诊断精度的新型筛选工具来降低这种恶性肿瘤的死亡率。此外，包括放疗和化疗在内的当前治疗策略具有不良反应，并且受到耐药性发展的限制。纳米技术的最新进展使其成为设计 CRC 新型临床解决方案的有吸引力的方法。基于纳米颗粒的制剂可以辅助早期肿瘤检测，并有助于克服常规疗法的局限性，包括较差的水溶性、非特异性生物分布和有限的生物利用度。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了用于 CRC 诊断和药物输送的各种类型的纳米颗粒。此外，我们还将探讨这些纳米颗粒如何提高诊断准确性，并促进对肿瘤部位的选择性药物靶向，从而提高效率并降低对健康结肠组织的细胞毒性。
