Paul Baerwald School of Social work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 91905, Jerusalem, Israel.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Jul 1;21(8):71. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1060-x.
Millions of individuals and families live under continual exposure to threat such as protracted socio-political conflict or community violence facing current and future danger. The construct of continuous traumatic stress (CTS) was suggested as a supplement perspective for the understanding of the specific impact of living under both current and realistic future threat. Yet, the unique parameters, utility, and validity of the construct CTS are underexplored.
Currently, CTS describes both the exposure and the unique clinical conglomerate of distress. In this paper, we first elaborate on the rationale for the construct of CTS. Then, we present evidence on the consequences of exposure to CTS in the Israeli context of continual ongoing and prolonged political violence. Research on CTS is presented across the life cycle with an emphasis on risk and protective factors from a developmental perspective. We conclude with implications for research, assessment, and interventions.
数百万人和家庭持续面临威胁，如长期的社会政治冲突或社区暴力，面临当前和未来的危险。连续创伤应激（CTS）的构建被认为是理解生活在当前和现实未来威胁下的特定影响的一种补充视角。然而，CTS 这一结构的独特参数、效用和有效性仍未得到充分探索。
目前，CTS 描述了暴露和独特的困扰的临床综合症状。在本文中，我们首先详细阐述了 CTS 结构的基本原理。然后，我们展示了在以色列持续不断和长期政治暴力的背景下，接触 CTS 的后果的证据。研究了 CTS 在生命周期中的各个方面，重点是从发展角度看风险和保护因素。最后，我们对研究、评估和干预提出了影响。
