Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, School of Public Health, University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(9):2050-2059. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1637235. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
: Ghana recorded the last case of poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus in 2008 and the country was declared polio-free in 2015. Polio-neutralizing-antibody levels in the population of three geographically representative regions of Ghana was determined, to identify possible immunity gaps. : Cross-sectional, hospital (1-70 years old) and school (primary, 1-15 years old)-based studies were undertaken in three regions in 2016. Individuals who visited the three teaching hospitals of the regions and were referred for haematology investigations were invited to participate in our study. Neutralizing-antibody titers to polio serotypes P1, P2, and P3 were assayed by WHO-standards. Antibody titers of ≥8 were considered protective. In the school lameness survey, clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from parents and their lamed children. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on subject characteristics, to assess potential factors for failure to seroconvert. -values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. : Neutralizing-antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 86% (264/307), 84% (258/307) and 75% (230/307) of the samples, respectively. Overall, 60.1% (185/307) were seropositive for the three polio serotypes and 2.9% (9/307) were seronegative. Polio neutralizing-antibodies (P1and P2) decreased with age ( < .001). Low seroprevalence of polio-neutralizing-antibodies was significantly associated with low school attendance of mothers ( < .001). Prevalence of residual paralysis was <1.0/1,000 among the school children. : Our study population is moderately protected against the three poliovirus serotypes. However, immunity appears to be lower with a higher age and low mother's education. This may suggest the need for young-adult booster-dose to minimize the risk of wild poliovirus infection.
加纳于 2008 年报告了最后一例由野生脊灰病毒引起的脊灰病例，并于 2015 年宣布无脊灰状态。本研究旨在确定加纳三个具有代表性地理区域的人群中针对脊灰病毒的中和抗体水平，以发现潜在的免疫空白。2016 年在加纳三个地区开展了医院（1-70 岁）和学校（小学，1-15 岁）为基础的横断面研究。邀请了前往三个地区教学医院进行血液学检查的个体参加我们的研究。通过世界卫生组织标准检测脊灰血清型 P1、P2 和 P3 的中和抗体滴度。抗体滴度≥8 被认为具有保护作用。在学校麻痹调查中，从父母及其麻痹的孩子那里获得了临床和流行病学数据。对个体特征进行了双变量和多变量分析，以评估未能血清转化的潜在因素。P 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
在 307 份样本中，分别有 86%（264/307）、84%（258/307）和 75%（230/307）检测到针对脊灰病毒 1、2 和 3 型的中和抗体。总体而言，60.1%（185/307）的样本对三种脊灰病毒血清型呈血清阳性，2.9%（9/307）的样本呈血清阴性。脊灰中和抗体（P1 和 P2）随年龄增加而降低（<0.001）。低脊灰中和抗体血清阳性率与母亲低入学率显著相关（<0.001）。在校儿童的残余麻痹发生率<1.0/1000。
我们的研究人群对三种脊灰病毒血清型有一定程度的保护。然而，随着年龄的增长和母亲受教育程度的降低，免疫力似乎较低。这可能表明需要为年轻人接种加强疫苗，以最大限度地降低野生脊灰病毒感染的风险。
