Opare Joseph Kl, Akweongo Patricia, Afari Edwin A, Odoom John K
Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Ghana Med J. 2019 Jun;53(2):170-180. doi: 10.4314/gmj.v53i2.13.
Ghana was declared polio-free in 2015 after the last polio case in 2008. We determined the poliovirus neutralizing antibody levels among individuals to identify possible immunity gaps.
A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was undertaken in Northern, Ashanti and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. Individuals referred for haematology at the teaching hospitals' laboratories were invited to participate in our study. Neutralizing-antibody titers to poliovirus serotypes 1,2 & 3 were assayed by WHO-standards. Antibody titers of ≥8 were considered protective. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on subject characteristics to assess potential factors for failure to seroconvert. -values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Poliovirus (PV) neutralizing-antibody serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 86.0% (264/307), 84% (258/307) and 75% (230/307) of samples respectively. 60.1% (185/307) were seropositive for the three poliovirus serotypes. Neutralizing poliovirus antibodies for PV1 and PV2 were higher than for PV3. Seroprevalence of poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies among males (PV1=51.9%, PV2= 51.6% and PV3= 52.6%) were higher than in females. Seroprevalence rates of poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies (PV1, PV2, and PV3) were highest in the Northern region (90%, 81%, and 77%). Poliovirus neutralizing-antibodies (PV1and PV2) decreased with age [p< 0.001]. Low seroprevalence of poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies was significantly associated with low school attendance of mothers (p<0.001).
Our study population has some protection from polio. However, immunity appears to be lower with a higher age or low Mother's education. This may suggest the need for young-adult booster-dose to minimize the risk of wild poliovirus infection.
WHO Country Office Ghana.
在2008年出现最后一例脊髓灰质炎病例后，加纳于2015年宣布已消灭脊髓灰质炎。我们测定了个体中的脊髓灰质炎病毒中和抗体水平，以确定可能存在的免疫缺口。
在加纳的北部、阿散蒂和大阿克拉地区开展了一项基于医院的横断面研究。邀请到教学医院实验室进行血液学检查的个体参与我们的研究。按照世界卫生组织标准测定针对脊髓灰质炎病毒1型、2型和3型的中和抗体滴度。抗体滴度≥8被视为具有保护性。对受试者特征进行双变量和多变量分析，以评估血清转化失败的潜在因素。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
分别在86.0%（264/307）、84%（258/307）和75%（230/307）的样本中检测到脊髓灰质炎病毒（PV）1型、2型和3型中和抗体。60.1%（185/307）的样本对三种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型均呈血清学阳性。PV1和PV2的脊髓灰质炎病毒中和抗体高于PV3。男性中脊髓灰质炎病毒中和抗体的血清阳性率（PV1=51.9%，PV2=51.6%，PV3=52.6%）高于女性。脊髓灰质炎病毒中和抗体（PV1、PV2和PV3）的血清阳性率在北部地区最高（分别为90%、81%和77%）。脊髓灰质炎病毒中和抗体（PV1和PV2）随年龄下降[p<0.001]。脊髓灰质炎病毒中和抗体的低血清阳性率与母亲低入学率显著相关（p<0.001）。
我们的研究人群对脊髓灰质炎有一定的保护作用。然而，随着年龄增长或母亲教育程度较低，免疫力似乎较低。这可能表明需要对年轻成年人接种加强剂量疫苗，以将野生脊髓灰质炎病毒感染风险降至最低。
世界卫生组织加纳国家办事处
