Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2019 Sep;302:109861. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.019. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Today, rape and sexual assault cases are mainly solved using evidence such as medical evidence or DNA analysis. Condom traces have been found to be present in 10% of assaulted women, when no DNA is found [1]. Numerous studies have emphasized the interest of analysing the composition of male condoms and their traces, and developing specific methods for the analysis of this type of evidence. However, transfer and persistence of condom traces in a specific matrix are rarely referenced. Therefore, forensic scientists have no complete knowledge of the trace and what could be expected in a real case. The purpose of this article is to review the literature addressing the composition of condoms and their traces as well as its influence on the transfer and persistence from a forensic point of view. Peer-reviewed literature, patents, professional literature, data from international administrations and international organisations' reports have been used to track the composition and the problematics of transfer and persistence of condom traces. The results of this review show that the composition of male condoms and their traces are complex systems, with numerous compounds originating from the condom at the moment of the transfer and evolving over time according to specific persistence patterns. Although numerous types of analyses have already been proposed and tested for condom traces, forensic evidence considerations have not been fully studied yet. Considering the fact that sexual assaults without the detection of DNA are increasingly frequent, there is a definite medical and forensic need to improve our knowledge of the processes involved in the development of condom traces in order to better understand analytical results.
现如今，强奸和性侵犯案件主要通过医学证据或 DNA 分析等证据来解决。当没有发现 DNA 时，有 10%的被侵犯女性身上发现了避孕套痕迹[1]。许多研究强调了分析男用避孕套及其痕迹组成并开发特定分析此类证据的方法的重要性。然而，避孕套痕迹在特定基质中的转移和持久性却很少被提及。因此，法医科学家对痕迹及其在实际案件中的预期结果并不完全了解。本文旨在回顾文献中有关避孕套及其痕迹组成的内容，以及从法医学角度来看其转移和持久性的影响。本研究使用同行评议文献、专利、专业文献、国际管理机构的数据以及国际组织的报告，追踪了避孕套痕迹的组成和转移与持久性的问题。本文的研究结果表明，男用避孕套及其痕迹的组成是复杂的系统，有许多化合物源自避孕套，在转移过程中会发生变化，并根据特定的持久性模式随时间演变。尽管已经提出并测试了多种分析方法来检测避孕套痕迹，但对法医证据的考虑尚未得到充分研究。考虑到没有检测到 DNA 的性侵犯案件越来越频繁，确实需要从医学和法医学的角度来提高我们对避孕套痕迹形成过程的认识，以便更好地理解分析结果。
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