Eisenstaedt R S, Getzen T E
Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Am J Public Health. 1988 Apr;78(4):450-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.78.4.450.
The costs and benefits of screening blood donors for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are assessed. Total costs, including testing, discarding processed blood, marginal donor recruiting, notifying and evaluating positive donors, are $36,234,000 annually for 10 million donors in 1986. Screening these donors will prevent 292 cases of transfusion-transmitted acquired immune deficiency syndrome (TT-AIDS), saving the costs of therapy and loss of earnings for total benefits of $43,490,480, a benefit:cost ratio of 1.2:1. Net economic benefits of $0.73 per donor will arise from the program. Calculated benefits will rise as increased numbers of infected recipients are diagnosed with longer follow-up or as partially effective therapy increases the cost of caring for patients with AIDS. Changes in test sensitivity, follow-up procedures, estimated value of life, and testing costs will also alter these projections, but none as dramatically as a change in the overall specificity of the screening process. The cost per case of TT-AIDS prevented, $124,089, and cost per year of life extended, $10,885, are comparable to costs of other screening programs.
对献血者进行人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体筛查的成本和收益进行了评估。1986年，对1000万名献血者进行筛查的总成本，包括检测、废弃已处理血液、额外招募献血者、通知和评估呈阳性的献血者等，每年为3623.4万美元。筛查这些献血者将预防292例输血传播的获得性免疫缺陷综合征（TT-AIDS），节省治疗成本和收入损失，总收益为4349.048万美元，收益成本比为1.2:1。该项目每位献血者将产生0.73美元的净经济效益。随着更多受感染接受者被诊断出来且随访时间延长，或者部分有效的治疗增加了艾滋病患者的护理成本，计算出的收益将会增加。检测灵敏度、随访程序、生命估计价值和检测成本的变化也会改变这些预测，但没有一个变化能像筛查过程总体特异性的变化那样显著。预防每例TT-AIDS的成本为124089美元，延长每年生命的成本为10885美元，与其他筛查项目的成本相当。
