Department of Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Department of Medical Imaging, Heraklion University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 3;14(7):e0216718. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216718. eCollection 2019.
The Cioclovina (Romania) calvaria, dated to ca. 33 cal ka BP and thought to be associated with the Aurignacian lithic industry, is one of the few relatively well preserved representatives of the earliest modern Europeans. Two large fractures on this specimen have been described as taphonomic modifications. Here we used gross and virtual forensic criteria and experimental simulations on synthetic bone models, to investigate their nature. Both forensic trauma pattern analysis and experimental models exclude a postmortem origin for the Cioclovina fractures. Rather, they indicate two incidents of blunt force trauma, the second clearly inflicted with a club-like object. The magnitude and extent of the lesions and the lack of signs of healing indicate a fatal injury. The Upper Paleolithic period is noted for intensified technological innovation, increased symbolic behavior, and cultural complexity. We show that the behavioural repertoire of the earliest modern Europeans also comprised violent inter-personal interactions and murder.
罗马尼亚乔克洛维纳颅骨，年代约为 33 cal ka BP，被认为与阿舍利石器工业有关，是保存相对较好的最早现代欧洲人代表之一。该标本上有两处较大的裂缝被描述为尸检改变。在这里，我们使用了大体和虚拟法医标准以及对合成骨模型的实验模拟，来研究其性质。法医创伤模式分析和实验模型都排除了乔克洛维纳骨折的死后起源。相反，它们表明这是两次钝器创伤事件，第二次显然是用棍棒状物体造成的。损伤的程度和范围以及缺乏愈合迹象表明这是致命伤。旧石器时代晚期以技术创新的加剧、象征性行为的增加和文化的复杂性为特征。我们表明，最早的现代欧洲人的行为范围还包括人际间的暴力互动和谋杀。
