Querfeld Rebecca, Pasi Anna-Elina, Shozugawa Katsumi, Vockenhuber Christof, Synal Hans-Arno, Steier Peter, Steinhauser Georg
Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 1;689:451-456. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.362. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
Following the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011), radionuclides mostly of volatile elements (e.g., I, Cs, Te) have been investigated frequently for their presence in the atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and the Pacific Ocean. Smaller releases of radionuclides with intermediate volatility, (e.g., Sr), have been reported for soil. However, few reports have been published which targeted the contamination of surface (fresh) waters in Japan soon after the accident. In the present study, 10 surface water samples (collected on April 10, 2011) have been screened for their radionuclide content (H, Sr, I, Cs, and Cs), revealing partly unusually high contamination levels. Especially high tritium levels (184 ± 2 Bq·L; the highest levels ever reported in scientific literature after Fukushima) were found in a puddle water sample from close to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The ratios between paddy/puddle water from one location only a few meters apart vary around 1% for Cs, 12% for I (I), and around 40% for both H and Sr. This illustrates the adsorption of radiocesium on natural minerals and radioiodine on organic substances (in the rice paddy), whereas the concentration differences of H and Sr between the two waters are mainly dilution driven.
2011年福岛核事故之后，人们频繁对大气、土壤圈、生物圈及太平洋中主要挥发性元素（如碘、铯、碲）的放射性核素进行调查。土壤中也有关于中等挥发性放射性核素（如锶）较小释放量的报道。然而，事故发生后不久针对日本地表水（淡水）污染情况的报道却很少。在本研究中，对10份地表水样本（于2011年4月10日采集）进行了放射性核素含量（氚、锶、碘、铯和铯）筛查，结果显示部分污染水平异常高。在福岛第一核电站附近采集的一份积水样本中发现了特别高的氚水平（184±2 Bq·L；是福岛事故后科学文献中报道的最高水平）。相距仅几米的同一地点的稻田水和积水之间，铯的比例变化约为1%，碘（碘-131）为12%，氚和锶均约为40%。这表明放射性铯吸附于天然矿物质，放射性碘吸附于（稻田中的）有机物质，而两种水体中氚和锶的浓度差异主要是由稀释作用导致的。
