吡喹酮和奥沙尼喹治疗布隆迪曼氏血吸虫病的现场试验。
Field trials of praziquantel and oxamniquine for the treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni in Burundi.
作者信息
Gryseels B, Nkulikyinka L, Coosemans M H
机构信息
Projet de Lutte contre les Maladies Transmissibles et Carentielles, Ministère de la Santé Publique/Coopération Technique Belge, Bujumbura, Burundi.
出版信息
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(4):641-4. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90439-1.
Praziquantel and oxamniquine were evaluated under operational conditions for use in mass-treatment campaigns in the Rusizi Plain, Burundi. After 6 weeks, the cure rates for oxamniquine at 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg in children (less than 20 years) were respectively 47%, 67% and 86%; in adults they were 86%, 97% and 97%. The egg reduction rates were over 98% in all groups. For praziquantel at 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg the cure rates in children were respectively 58%, 63% and 78%; in adults, 55%, 87% and 91%. The egg reduction rates were respectively 92%, 96%, 98% and 91%, 98%, 98%. These results were largely confirmed by a follow-up 3 months after treatment. Oxamniquine frequently caused important dizziness and drowsiness, and in 2 cases epileptiform seizures. The side effects of praziquantel were mainly mild transient colics and diarrhoea. The cost of oxamniquine (in Burundi) was twice to three times the cost of praziquantel. Because of its better acceptability and its lower cost, with only slightly less good parasitological results, praziquantel, at 40 mg/kg in a single dose, has been selected as the drug of choice for mass-treatment campaigns in Burundi.
在布隆迪鲁济济平原的大规模治疗运动的实际操作条件下，对吡喹酮和奥沙尼喹进行了评估。6周后，奥沙尼喹在儿童（小于20岁）中20、30和40mg/kg剂量的治愈率分别为47%、67%和86%；在成人中分别为86%、97%和97%。所有组的虫卵减少率均超过98%。吡喹酮在20、30和40mg/kg剂量时，儿童的治愈率分别为58%、63%和78%；成人的治愈率分别为55%、87%和91%。虫卵减少率分别为92%、96%、98%和91%、98%、98%。治疗3个月后的随访基本证实了这些结果。奥沙尼喹经常引起严重的头晕和嗜睡，并有2例出现癫痫样发作。吡喹酮的副作用主要是轻度短暂的绞痛和腹泻。奥沙尼喹（在布隆迪）的成本是吡喹酮的两到三倍。由于吡喹酮具有更好的可接受性和更低的成本，且寄生虫学效果略逊一筹，因此已选择40mg/kg单剂量的吡喹酮作为布隆迪大规模治疗运动的首选药物。
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