Department of Bioapplications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan.
Department of Bioapplications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 1;689:958-962. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.486. Epub 2019 Jun 29.
Intensive uses of agrochemicals and soil amendments often cause the elevation of Cu and Zn concentrations in vineyard (VY) and orchard soils. The concentration and speciation of Cu and Zn in the soils at millimeter resolution is critical to understanding the risk of transport of these metals via surface runoff and infiltration. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and chemical species of Zn and Cu in VY and persimmon (PS) soils at millimeter vertical resolution. The soils were collected with 5 mm increments down to 5 cm depth and with 5 cm increments down to 25 cm depth. The total concentration and chemical species of Zn and Cu were determined by total digestion and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, respectively. The Zn concentration of VY soil reached a maximum of 290 mg kg at the uppermost layer of the profile (0.5-1.0 cm). The Cu concentration of VY soil reached a maximum of 201 mg kg (10-15 cm). These Zn and Cu concentrations were greater than background levels. Zinc K-edge XAFS spectroscopy determined that the uppermost layer of VY soil (0-0.5 cm) contained 42% Zn associated with humus and lesser extent of Zn associated with gibbsite (37%) and kaolinite (21%). Zinc associated with humus was not observed in the VY soil profiles below 0.5 cm, whereas Zn associated with gibbsite and kaolinite contributed >83% of total Zn species. Copper K-edge XAFS spectroscopy determined the presence of Cu bonded with humus (40-67%) and Cu adsorbed on kaolinite (26-45%) in the entire soil profile. Our study found the remarkable variation of Cu and Zn concentration and speciation within several centimeters from the soil surface in vineyard and orchard landscapes.
集约化使用农用化学品和土壤改良剂通常会导致葡萄园（VY）和果园土壤中铜和锌浓度升高。了解这些金属通过地表径流和渗透迁移的风险，关键在于了解土壤中铜和锌的浓度和形态。本研究旨在以毫米垂直分辨率调查 VY 和柿子（PS）土壤中锌和铜的浓度和化学形态。土壤采集采用 5mm 增量，深度达 5cm，5cm 增量，深度达 25cm。采用全消解和 X 射线吸收精细结构（XAFS）光谱法分别测定锌和铜的总浓度和化学形态。VY 土壤的锌浓度在剖面最上层（0.5-1.0cm）达到最大值 290mg/kg。VY 土壤的铜浓度达到最大值 201mg/kg（10-15cm）。这些锌和铜浓度均高于背景水平。锌 K 边 XAFS 光谱法确定 VY 土壤最上层（0-0.5cm）含有 42%与腐殖质结合的锌，以及较小程度与水铝石（37%）和高岭石（21%）结合的锌。在 0.5cm 以下的 VY 土壤剖面中未观察到与腐殖质结合的锌，而与水铝石和高岭石结合的锌则占总锌形态的>83%。铜 K 边 XAFS 光谱法确定了整个土壤剖面中与腐殖质结合的铜（40-67%）和吸附在高岭石上的铜（26-45%）的存在。我们的研究发现，在葡萄园和果园景观中，从土壤表面几厘米内铜和锌的浓度和形态存在显著变化。
