State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019 Nov;77(4):501-513. doi: 10.1007/s00244-019-00650-9. Epub 2019 Jul 6.
Lake sediments are important reservoirs for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in catchments. Knowledge of occurrence, sources, and toxicological risk of PAHs is crucial to abate their pollution and risk. We investigated the spatial and temporal occurrence, sources, and potential toxicological risks of 12 PAHs in the surface sediments and one sediment core of the largest deep lake (Lake Fuxian) of China. Our results indicated the average ΣPAH in the surface sediments of this lake was 1550.6 ± 231.4 ng g , much higher than those of most Chinese shallow lakes. The average ΣPAH in the lake area was higher than that in the estuaries. The average ΣPAH in the estuaries of influent rivers was higher than that of the outlet river. Coal combustion, gasoline combustion, and diesel combustion were the major sources, which contributed 68.5%, 19.8%, and 11.8% to the ΣPAH. The average total benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ) of the six most carcinogenic PAHs was 317.1 ± 86.3 ngTEQ g in the surface sediments. The ΣPAH increased from 301.7 to 1964.4 ng g from 1945 to 2011 and significantly increased with the GDP and population of the catchment. The contribution of coal combustion to the concentrations of PAHs increased gradually with time. The total TEQ, and the percentage of ΣPAH to ΣPAH in the sediment core increased from 5.0 to 84.6 ngTEQ g and from 5.7 to 23.3%, respectively. Our study highlights the importance of such deep waters in burying PAHs and the increasing risk of PAHs from human activities.
湖泊沉积物是集水区中多环芳烃（PAHs）的重要储存库。了解 PAHs 的存在、来源和毒理学风险对于减轻其污染和风险至关重要。我们调查了中国最大的深水湖泊（抚仙湖）表层沉积物和一个沉积物芯中 12 种 PAHs 的时空分布、来源和潜在的毒理学风险。结果表明，该湖表层沉积物中ΣPAH 的平均含量为 1550.6±231.4ng/g，远高于大多数中国浅水湖泊。湖区的平均ΣPAH 高于入湖河口。入湖河流河口的平均ΣPAH 高于出湖河口。煤燃烧、汽油燃烧和柴油燃烧是主要的来源，分别占ΣPAH 的 68.5%、19.8%和 11.8%。表层沉积物中 6 种最具致癌性 PAHs 的总苯并[a]芘毒性等效浓度（TEQ）的平均值为 317.1±86.3ngTEQ/g。从 1945 年到 2011 年，ΣPAH 从 301.7 增加到 1964.4ng/g，与流域 GDP 和人口呈显著正相关。煤燃烧对 PAHs 浓度的贡献随着时间的推移逐渐增加。沉积物芯中总 TEQ 以及ΣPAH 与ΣPAH 的百分比分别从 5.0 增加到 84.6ngTEQ/g 和从 5.7 增加到 23.3%。本研究强调了这种深水在埋藏 PAHs 方面的重要性，以及人类活动导致 PAHs 风险增加的重要性。
