Estonian Environment Agency, Rõõmu tee St. 6, Tartu, 50605, Estonia.
Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Ecol Lett. 2019 Sep;22(9):1493-1500. doi: 10.1111/ele.13339. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
Agri-environment management (AEM) started in the 1980s in Europe to mitigate biodiversity decline, but the effectiveness of AEM has been questioned. We hypothesize that this is caused by a lack of a large enough ecological contrast between AEM and non-treated control sites. The effectiveness of AEM may be moderated by landscape structure and land-use intensity. Here, we examined the influence of local ecological contrast, landscape structure and regional land-use intensity on AEM effectiveness in a meta-analysis of 62 European pollinator studies. We found that ecological contrast was most important in determining the effectiveness of AEM, but landscape structure and regional land-use intensity played also a role. In conclusion, the most successful way to enhance AEM effectiveness for pollinators is to implement measures that result in a large ecological improvement at a local scale, which exhibit a strong contrast to conventional practices in simple landscapes of intensive land-use regions.
农业环境管理（AEM）始于 20 世纪 80 年代的欧洲，旨在减轻生物多样性下降，但 AEM 的有效性一直受到质疑。我们假设，这是由于 AEM 与未处理对照点之间缺乏足够大的生态对比。景观结构和土地利用强度可能会调节 AEM 的有效性。在这里，我们通过对 62 项欧洲传粉媒介研究的荟萃分析，研究了局部生态对比、景观结构和区域土地利用强度对 AEM 有效性的影响。我们发现，生态对比是决定 AEM 有效性的最重要因素，但景观结构和区域土地利用强度也起着一定的作用。总之，提高 AEM 对传粉媒介有效性的最有效方法是采取措施，在集约土地利用地区的简单景观中，在当地范围内实现较大的生态改善，并与传统做法形成强烈对比。
