School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 10;14(7):e0219297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219297. eCollection 2019.
Non-consensual condom removal (NCCR) is the removal of a condom before or during sexual intercourse without one's partner's consent. Despite considerable news and media attention devoted to the trend (as stealthing), little empirical research to date has examined people's views of the practice. The present study aimed to contribute toward generating empirical evidence to guide the discussion surrounding NCCR. We asked participants about whether or not they felt NCCR is wrong, whether there should be consequences for its perpetration, and contextualized responses within legal context. A total of 592 undergraduate students took part in an online survey inquiring about their experiences with and views of NCCR. We used descriptive statistics to determine sample prevalence and outcomes of NCCR and qualitatively analyzed responses to open-ended questions asking about perceptions of NCCR. Of participants who had engaged in penetrative sexual intercourse with a male partner using an external condom, 18.7%, 95% CI [14.4, 22.7] reported that they had NCCR perpetrated against them. The majority of these participants reported that they experienced NCCR negatively and encountered related consequences; several reported contracting an STI, experiencing an unplanned pregnancy, or both. Nearly all participants expressed that NCCR is wrong, citing reasons that included the lack of consent, possibility of unplanned or unwanted outcomes, and a betrayal of trust. In this study, we found that there was agreement that NCCR is wrong, but variability in responses regarding the circumstances under which there should be consequences for the action. These perceptions reflect the current uncertainty in law. We recommend researchers refer to the phenomenon as NCCR (rather than stealthing) and discuss related issues to encourage future research to adopt consistent and accurate labels and definitions for NCCR. We hope that our findings will guide future research and spur public and legal discussion on NCCR.
非自愿性避孕套移除（NCCR）是指在未经伴侣同意的情况下，在性交前或性交过程中移除避孕套。尽管媒体对此趋势（如 Stealthing）进行了大量报道，但迄今为止，几乎没有实证研究来检验人们对这种行为的看法。本研究旨在为 NCCR 相关讨论提供实证依据。我们询问了参与者他们是否认为 NCCR 是错误的，是否应该对其实施进行惩罚，并在法律背景下对这些反应进行了情境化处理。共有 592 名本科生参与了一项在线调查，调查他们对 NCCR 的经历和看法。我们使用描述性统计来确定样本中 NCCR 的流行程度和结果，并对询问对 NCCR 的看法的开放式问题的回答进行定性分析。在曾与男性伴侣使用外部避孕套进行过插入性性行为的参与者中，有 18.7%（95%CI [14.4, 22.7]）报告说他们曾遭受过 NCCR。这些参与者中的大多数报告说他们对 NCCR 有负面体验，并遇到了相关后果；一些人报告说他们感染了性传播感染，经历了意外怀孕，或两者兼有。几乎所有的参与者都表示 NCCR 是错误的，他们列举的理由包括缺乏同意、可能产生意外或不想要的结果以及对信任的背叛。在这项研究中，我们发现，大多数人都认为 NCCR 是错误的，但对于应该对该行为施加惩罚的情况，人们的反应存在差异。这些看法反映了法律目前的不确定性。我们建议研究人员将这种现象称为 NCCR（而不是 Stealthing），并讨论相关问题，以鼓励未来的研究采用一致和准确的 NCCR 标签和定义。我们希望我们的研究结果将为未来的研究提供指导，并激发公众和法律对 NCCR 的讨论。
