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BRCA1 和 ATM 基因双重杂合突变与原发性异时性肿瘤的发生相关:病例报告。

Double heterozygous mutation in the BRCA1 and ATM genes involved in development of primary metachronous tumours: a case report.

机构信息

Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.

出版信息

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 Oct;177(3):767-770. doi: 10.1007/s10549-019-05343-4. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

DOI:10.1007/s10549-019-05343-4
PMID:31292799
Abstract

PURPOSE

Between 5 and 10% of cases of breast cancer (BC) are attributable to a genetic susceptibility. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes described in the late 1990s are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and the clinical management of carriers of pathogenic variants in these genes is defined in several clinical guidelines (Paluch-Shimon et al. in Ann Oncol 27(suppl 5):v103-v110, 2016; Llort et al. in Clin Transl Oncol 17(12):956-961, 2015). However, the pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 represent only a third of the causes of hereditary BC (Easton et al. in N Engl J Med 372:2243-2257, 2015). The incorporation of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) techniques in the genetic diagnosis of this pathology, in addition to minimising the cost and time of analysis, allows the simultaneous study of other genes of high and moderate penetrance (Easton et al. in N Engl J Med 372:2243-2257, 2015; Op. Cit.; Tung et al. in Cancer 121(1):25-33, 2015). To date, there are not many cases or series of patients that describe the co-occurrence of two pathogenic variants in these genes of BC. Cases of double heterozygosis have been described with the presence of pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2, BLM or NBN (Nomizu et al. in Breast Cancer 22(5):557-61, 2015; Heidemann et al. in Breast Cancer Res Treat 134(3):1229-1239, 2012; Zuradelli et al. in Breast Cancer Res Treat 124(1):251-258, 2010; Sokolenko et al. in Breast Cancer Res Treat 145(2):553-562, 2014).

METHODS

We report the case of a patient diagnosed with multiple tumours who presented two pathogenic variants in heterozygosis.

RESULTS

Two pathogenic variants, c.5123C > A (p.Ala1708Glu) in the BRCA1 gene and c.2413C > T (p.Arg805X) in the ATM gene were detected in heterozygosis. Said variants were confirmed by Sanger-type sequencing using specific primers.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of gene panels using NGS in the study of hereditary cancer involves the detection of heterozygous double mutations in genes of high and moderate penetrance for cancer, although with a low frequency.

摘要

目的

5%至 10%的乳腺癌(BC)病例归因于遗传易感性。20 世纪 90 年代末描述的 BRCA1 和 BRCA2 基因与乳腺癌和卵巢癌风险增加有关,这些基因中致病性变异携带者的临床管理在几个临床指南中进行了定义(Paluch-Shimon 等人,在 Ann Oncol 27(增刊 5):v103-v110,2016 年;Llort 等人,在 Clin Transl Oncol 17(12):956-961,2015 年)。然而,BRCA1 和 BRCA2 中的致病性变异仅占遗传性 BC 病因的三分之一(Easton 等人,在 N Engl J Med 372:2243-2257,2015 年)。将 NGS(下一代测序)技术纳入该病理学的遗传诊断中,除了可以最小化分析的成本和时间外,还可以同时研究其他高和中度外显率的基因(Easton 等人,在 N Engl J Med 372:2243-2257,2015 年;同上;Tung 等人,在 Cancer 121(1):25-33,2015 年)。迄今为止,很少有描述这些基因中两种致病性变异同时发生的病例或患者系列。已经描述了双杂合性的病例,其存在 BRCA1、BRCA2、PALB2、CHEK2、BLM 或 NBN 中的致病性变异(Nomizu 等人,在 Breast Cancer 22(5):557-61,2015 年;Heidemann 等人,在 Breast Cancer Res Treat 134(3):1229-1239,2012 年;Zuradelli 等人,在 Breast Cancer Res Treat 124(1):251-258,2010 年;Sokolenko 等人,在 Breast Cancer Res Treat 145(2):553-562,2014 年)。

方法

我们报告了一名诊断为多发性肿瘤的患者的病例,该患者呈杂合性存在两种致病性变异。

结果

在 BRCA1 基因中检测到两种杂合性致病性变异,c.5123C > A(p.Ala1708Glu)和 ATM 基因中的 c.2413C > T(p.Arg805X)。使用特定引物通过 Sanger 型测序证实了所述变体。

结论

使用 NGS 在遗传性癌症研究中实施基因面板涉及检测高和中度癌症外显率基因的杂合性双突变,尽管频率较低。

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