Manchaiah Vinaya, Zhao Fei, Ratinaud Pierre
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, United States.
Audiology India, Mysore, India.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 25;10:1390. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01390. eCollection 2019.
Exposure to loud music, especially by young people, has significantly increased in recent years as a result of (a) advancements in technology in terms of personal music players and smart mobile phones, and (b) streaming of music through these devices. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that some 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults are at risk of developing hearing loss due to exposure to recreational noise such as music. It is suggested that knowledge and attitude of young adults toward music has bearing upon their music listening habits and thereby influences who is at risk of developing music induced hearing loss. Hence, researchers from various fields have tried to understand the knowledge and attitude of young adults regarding loud music. However, there is some criticism of attitude studies as there is little relation between expressed attitude and behavior. Some recent studies have explored the social representations of music and loud music using the Social Representations Theory (SRT). It has been suggested that social representation is more fundamental than attitude (or in other words social representation informs attitude), hence, it has a better relation to behavior. The current paper: (1) provides an overview of studies on knowledge and attitude of young adults toward loud music, (2) discusses the limitations of attitude theories and introduces SRT, and (3) provides a summary of social representation studies on "music" and "loud music" in young adults from different countries.
近年来，由于（a）个人音乐播放器和智能手机在技术方面的进步，以及（b）通过这些设备进行音乐流媒体播放，接触嘈杂音乐的情况显著增加，尤其是年轻人。世界卫生组织（WHO）估计，约有11亿青少年和年轻人因接触诸如音乐等娱乐噪音而面临听力损失的风险。有人认为，年轻人对音乐的认知和态度与他们的音乐收听习惯有关，从而影响谁有患音乐性听力损失的风险。因此，来自各个领域的研究人员试图了解年轻人对嘈杂音乐的认知和态度。然而，态度研究受到了一些批评，因为所表达的态度与行为之间几乎没有关联。最近的一些研究使用社会表征理论（SRT）探讨了音乐和嘈杂音乐的社会表征。有人认为，社会表征比态度更基本（或者换句话说，社会表征影响态度），因此，它与行为有更好的关联。本文：（1）概述了关于年轻人对嘈杂音乐的认知和态度的研究，（2）讨论了态度理论的局限性并介绍了SRT，（3）总结了来自不同国家的年轻人对“音乐”和“嘈杂音乐”的社会表征研究。
