Bournemouth University, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Management, Poole, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 11;14(7):e0218984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218984. eCollection 2019.
There is growing evidence that leaders' effectiveness derives in part from their creation of a sense of identity that is shared by members of a group they are attempting to lead (i.e., their identity entrepreneurship). Little is known, however, about the impact of identity entrepreneurship in sport and exercise settings, particularly in relation to its effect on group members' effort and performance. Using a pre-post between subjects experimental design, we examined the effect of leaders' identity entrepreneurship on group members' effort and performance during 5km cycling time trials. Following a baseline session (in which time trials were completed individually), participants (N = 72) were randomly allocated to either a high or low identity entrepreneurship condition, and further randomly divided into groups of five (including a leader who was a confederate). In the subsequent test sessions (which participants attended with their fellow group members), leaders displayed either high or low identity entrepreneurship behaviors. Results indicated that, compared to participants in the low identity entrepreneurship condition, those in the high identity entrepreneurship condition maintained greater effort (maximum heart rate), and demonstrated improved (rather than poorer) performance (average power output in the first 60 seconds of time trials). Examination of pacing showed that the largest increases in participants' average power output occurred in the early stages of their second time trials for those in the high identity entrepreneurship condition only. Results provide causal evidence that leaders who create a shared sense of identity among team members are able to inspire greater participant effort and performance.
越来越多的证据表明，领导者的有效性部分源于他们创造一种认同感，这种认同感是他们试图领导的群体成员所共有的（即他们的身份创业）。然而，关于身份创业在体育和运动环境中的影响，特别是其对群体成员努力和表现的影响，人们知之甚少。我们采用前后测被试间实验设计，研究了领导者的身份创业对 5km 自行车计时赛中群体成员努力和表现的影响。在基线测试（个体完成计时赛）之后，参与者（N=72）被随机分配到高或低身份创业条件下，并进一步随机分为五人一组（包括一个是同伙的领导者）。在随后的测试中（参与者与他们的同伴一起参加），领导者表现出高或低的身份创业行为。结果表明，与低身份创业条件下的参与者相比，高身份创业条件下的参与者保持了更高的努力（最大心率），并表现出了更好的（而不是更差的）表现（计时赛前 60 秒的平均功率输出）。对配速的研究表明，只有在高身份创业条件下，参与者的平均功率输出在第二次计时赛的早期阶段才会大幅增加。研究结果提供了因果证据，表明能够在团队成员中建立共同认同感的领导者能够激发参与者更大的努力和表现。
