Génétique Quantitative et Evolution- Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Integrative Prehistory and Archeological Science (IPNA/IPAS), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
Trends Plant Sci. 2019 Aug;24(8):770-782. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
The apple is an iconic tree and a major fruit crop worldwide. It is also a model species for the study of the evolutionary processes and genomic basis underlying the domestication of clonally propagated perennial crops. Multidisciplinary approaches from across Eurasia have documented the pace and process of cultivation of this remarkable crop. While population genetics and genomics have revealed the overall domestication history of apple across Eurasia, untangling the evolutionary processes involved, archeobotany has helped to document the transition from gathering and using apples to the practice of cultivation. Further studies integrating archeogenetic and archeogenomic approaches will bring new insights about key traits involved in apple domestication. Such knowledge has potential to boost innovation in present-day apple breeding.
苹果是一种标志性的树木和全球主要的水果作物。它也是研究无性繁殖多年生作物驯化背后的进化过程和基因组基础的模式物种。来自欧亚大陆的多学科方法记录了这种非凡作物的栽培速度和过程。虽然群体遗传学和基因组学揭示了欧亚大陆苹果的整体驯化历史，但解开所涉及的进化过程，考古植物学有助于记录从采集和食用苹果到种植苹果的转变。进一步整合考古遗传学和考古基因组学方法的研究将为苹果驯化中涉及的关键特征提供新的见解。这些知识有可能推动当今苹果育种的创新。
