Tegtmeier Richard, Švara Anže, Gritsenko Dilyara, Khan Awais
Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Hortic Res. 2024 Aug 30;12(1):uhae244. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhae244. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Apples are one of the most valued tree fruit crops around the world. Currently, a few highly popular and economically successful apple cultivars dominate the commercial production and serve as main genetic contributors to the development of new apple cultivars. This limited level of genetic diversity grown as a clonally propagated monoculture renders the apple industry vulnerable to the wide range of weather events, pests, and pathogens. Wild apple species are an excellent source of beneficial alleles for the wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors challenging apple production. However, the biological barriers of breeding with small-fruited wild apples greatly limit their use. Using a closely related wild species of apple such as can improve the efficiency of breeding efforts and broaden the base of available genetics. is the main progenitor of the domesticated apple, native to Central Asia. The similarity of fruit morphology to domesticated apples and resistances to abiotic and biotic stresses makes it appealing for apple breeding programs. However, this important species is under threat of extinction in its native range. Preserving the wild apple forests in Central Asia is vital for ensuring the sustainable protection of this important genetic resource. The insufficient awareness about the complete range of challenges and opportunities associated with hinders the maximization of its potential benefits. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the cultural and historical context of , current genetic knowledge for breeding, and the conservation challenges of wild apple forests
苹果是世界上最有价值的树生水果作物之一。目前，少数非常受欢迎且经济上成功的苹果品种主导着商业生产，并成为新苹果品种培育的主要基因贡献者。以克隆繁殖的单一栽培方式种植的这种有限水平的遗传多样性，使苹果产业容易受到各种天气事件、害虫和病原体的影响。野生苹果物种是应对挑战苹果生产的各种生物和非生物胁迫因素的有益等位基因的极佳来源。然而，与小果野生苹果杂交育种的生物学障碍极大地限制了它们的利用。使用与苹果密切相关的野生物种，如 ，可以提高育种效率并拓宽可用基因库。 是驯化苹果的主要祖先，原产于中亚。其果实形态与驯化苹果的相似性以及对非生物和生物胁迫的抗性，使其对苹果育种计划具有吸引力。然而，这个重要的物种在其原生范围内正面临灭绝的威胁。保护中亚的野生苹果林对于确保对这一重要遗传资源的可持续保护至关重要。对与 相关的全面挑战和机遇认识不足，阻碍了其潜在效益的最大化。本综述旨在提供有关 的文化和历史背景、当前育种的遗传知识以及野生苹果林保护挑战的全面信息
