Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
J Infect Public Health. 2020 Jan;13(1):58-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.017. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
In the Mediterranean Region, essential oil, hydrosol, and ethanol extract of C. aurantium flowers have a long history of usage in different products such as a flavoring agent and an ingredient of many traditional anti-infectious and skin care products. The present study was undertaken to compare the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of essential oil (EO), hydrosol and ethanol extract of Cyprus Citrus aurantium L. flowers.
The chemical composition of samples was determined by GC/MS. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (HO). The antimicrobial activity of the samples was determined by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against five foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
The EO and ethanol extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens which were attributed to the presence of important phytochemical classes such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes. The EO showed higher antimicrobial activity followed by ethanol extract with minimum inhibitory concentrations ≤1562mg/l and ≤6250mg/l, respectively, against Amoxycillin resistant Bacillus cereus and other test organisms. Significantly (p≤0.05) the higher total phenolic (81.37mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (20.34mg QE/g) were obtained in the ethanol extract with the higher antioxidant activity as compared to EO and hydrosol with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values of 96.07μg/ml in the DPPH and 66.50μg/ml in the HO assay. A significant correlation (R≥0.94) was found between phenolic content and IC values for DPPH and HO assays. β-Cholesta-5,22-dien-3-ol, herboxide isomer and isochiapin-B are reported for the first time for essential oil.
Citrus aurantium L. flowers have strong potential for the isolation of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for further use in food and medicine industries as natural preservatives.
在地中海地区，橙花的精油、水醇溶液和乙醇提取物在不同产品中有着悠久的使用历史，例如调味剂和许多传统抗感染和皮肤护理产品的成分。本研究旨在比较塞浦路斯橙花的精油（EO）、水醇溶液和乙醇提取物的抗菌活性、抗氧化活性和植物化学成分。
通过 GC/MS 确定样品的化学成分。通过福林-肖卡尔特比色法和三氯化铝比色法分别测定总酚和类黄酮的含量。通过 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和过氧化氢（HO）评估抗氧化活性。通过纸片扩散法和肉汤微量稀释法测定样品对五种食源性病原体的抗菌活性。
EO 和乙醇提取物对所有测试的病原体均表现出显著的抗菌活性，这归因于存在重要的植物化学成分，如多酚、类黄酮、生物碱和萜类化合物。EO 表现出更高的抗菌活性，随后是乙醇提取物，其对耐阿莫西林的蜡样芽孢杆菌和其他测试生物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为≤1562mg/l 和≤6250mg/l。显著（p≤0.05）的是，乙醇提取物中的总酚（81.37mg GAE/g）和类黄酮含量（20.34mg QE/g）较高，抗氧化活性也较高，DPPH 的半最大抑制浓度（IC）值为 96.07μg/ml，HO 测定的 IC 值为 66.50μg/ml。在 DPPH 和 HO 测定中，酚含量与 IC 值之间存在显著相关性（R≥0.94）。β-胆甾-5,22-二烯-3-醇、海巴佛德醇异构体和异茄啶-B 为精油的首次报道。
橙花具有很强的分离抗菌和抗氧化剂的潜力，可进一步用于食品和医药行业作为天然防腐剂。
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