胃癌高风险和低风险地区通过水果和蔬菜摄入硝酸盐的监测与暴露评估
Monitoring and exposure assessment of nitrate intake via fruits and vegetables in high and low risk areas for gastric cancer.
作者信息
Ghaffari Hamid Reza, Nasseri Simin, Yunesian Masud, Nabizadeh Ramin, Pourfarzi Farhad, Poustchi Hossein, Sadjadi Alireza, Fattahi Mohammad Reza, Safarpour Ali Reza
机构信息
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019 Mar 22;17(1):445-456. doi: 10.1007/s40201-019-00363-0. eCollection 2019 Jun.
BACKGROUND
Gastric cancer (GC) is the first leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Iran. GC is a multifactorial disease and is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure and risk of nitrate intake through fruits and vegetables (F&V) in high-risk area (HRA) and low-risk area (LRA) of GC in Iran.
METHODS
Twenty nine species of F&V were examined for nitrate by reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data of 2000 adults participating in Persian cohort were applied to determine consumption patterns of F&V in those areas. A point-estimate daily intake was applied to compare two areas in terms of nitrate intake. Monte-Carlo simulation technique was applied to estimate chronic daily intake (CDI) of nitrate.
RESULTS
The results showed that point-estimate daily intake of nitrate for subjects participated in the study was 2.02 ± 1.02 mg kg day in HRA and 1.98 ± 1.05 mg kg day in LRA. 6.53% of the participants in the HRA, and 5.9% of the participants in the LRA had an unacceptable point-estimate daily intake compared with an acceptable limit of 3.7 mg kg day established by FAO/WHO. CDI of nitrate in HRA was 1.94 ± 0.95 mg kg day and in the LRA was 1.93 ± 1.06 mg kg day.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that there is no difference between HRA and LRA in terms of nitrate intake through F&V.
背景
胃癌（GC）是伊朗癌症相关死亡的首要原因。胃癌是一种多因素疾病，由遗传和环境因素相互作用引起。本研究的目的是评估伊朗胃癌高风险地区（HRA）和低风险地区（LRA）通过水果和蔬菜（F&V）摄入硝酸盐的暴露情况和风险。
方法
采用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）法检测29种F&V中的硝酸盐含量。应用参与波斯队列研究的2000名成年人的食物频率问卷（FFQ）数据来确定这些地区F&V的消费模式。采用点估计每日摄入量来比较两个地区的硝酸盐摄入量。应用蒙特卡洛模拟技术估计硝酸盐的慢性每日摄入量（CDI）。
结果
结果显示，参与研究的受试者硝酸盐的点估计每日摄入量在HRA为2.02±1.02毫克/千克/天，在LRA为1.98±1.05毫克/千克/天。与粮农组织/世界卫生组织确定的3.7毫克/千克/天的可接受限值相比，HRA中6.53%的参与者和LRA中5.9%的参与者的点估计每日摄入量不可接受。HRA中硝酸盐的CDI为1.94±0.95毫克/千克/天，LRA中为1.93±1.06毫克/千克/天。
结论
结果表明，HRA和LRA在通过F&V摄入硝酸盐方面没有差异。
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