微小 RNA 作为长寿和衰老过程的调节剂。
MicroRNAs as modulators of longevity and the aging process.
机构信息
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
Department of Developmental Biology and Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
出版信息
Hum Genet. 2020 Mar;139(3):291-308. doi: 10.1007/s00439-019-02046-0. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally repress translation or induce mRNA degradation of target transcripts through sequence-specific binding. miRNAs target hundreds of transcripts to regulate diverse biological pathways and processes, including aging. Many microRNAs are differentially expressed during aging, generating interest in their use as aging biomarkers and roles as regulators of the aging process. In the invertebrates Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, a number of miRNAs have been found to both positive and negatively modulate longevity through canonical aging pathways. Recent studies have also shown that miRNAs regulate age-associated processes and pathologies in a diverse array of mammalian tissues, including brain, heart, bone, and muscle. The review will present an overview of these studies, highlighting the role of individual miRNAs as biomarkers of aging and regulators of longevity and tissue-specific aging processes.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是短的非编码 RNA，通过序列特异性结合在转录后抑制翻译或诱导靶转录本的 mRNA 降解。miRNAs 靶向数百个转录本以调节多种生物途径和过程，包括衰老。许多 miRNAs 在衰老过程中表达差异，引起了人们对它们作为衰老生物标志物和衰老过程调节剂的作用的兴趣。在无脊椎动物秀丽隐杆线虫和果蝇中，已经发现许多 miRNAs 通过经典的衰老途径正向和负向调节寿命。最近的研究还表明，miRNAs 在包括大脑、心脏、骨骼和肌肉在内的多种哺乳动物组织中调节与年龄相关的过程和病理。该综述将介绍这些研究的概述，重点介绍单个 miRNAs 作为衰老生物标志物和长寿和组织特异性衰老过程调节剂的作用。
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