Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, 21017, USA.
Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
Appetite. 2019 Nov 1;142:104348. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104348. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
Eating behaviors such as eating fast and ignoring internal satiety cues are associated with overweight/obesity, and may be influenced by environmental factors. This study examined changes in those behaviors, and associations between those behaviors and BMI, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and diet quality in military recruits before and during initial military training (IMT), an environment wherein access to food is restricted. Eating rate and reliance on internal satiety cues were self-reported, and BMI, body fat, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and diet quality were measured in 1389 Army, Air Force and Marine recruits (45% female, mean ± SEM BMI = 24.1 ± 0.1 kg/m) before and after IMT. Pre-IMT, habitually eating fast relative to slowly was associated with a 1.1 ± 0.3 kg/m higher BMI (P < 0.001), but not with other outcomes; whereas, habitually eating until no food is left (i.e., ignoring internal satiety cues) was associated with lower diet quality (P < 0.001) and, in men, 1.6 ± 0.6% lower body fat (P = 0.03) relative to those that habitually stopped eating before feeling full. More recruits reported eating fast (82% vs 39%) and a reduced reliance on internal satiety cues (55% vs 16%) during IMT relative to pre-IMT (P < 0.001). Findings suggest that eating behaviors correlate with body composition and/or diet quality in young, predominantly normal-weight recruits entering the military, and that IMT is associated with potentially unfavorable changes in these eating behaviors.
进食行为，如进食过快和忽略内部饱腹感信号，与超重/肥胖有关，并且可能受到环境因素的影响。本研究在新兵入伍训练（IMT）前后，检查了这些行为的变化，以及这些行为与 BMI、心血管代谢生物标志物和饮食质量之间的关联。新兵在 IMT 前后（陆军、空军和海军陆战队新兵共 1389 人，其中 45%为女性，平均 BMI ± SEM 为 24.1 ± 0.1 kg/m）报告了进食速度和对内部饱腹感信号的依赖程度，以及 BMI、体脂、心血管代谢生物标志物和饮食质量。在 IMT 之前，与缓慢进食相比，习惯性快速进食与 BMI 增加 1.1 ± 0.3 kg/m 相关（P < 0.001），但与其他结果无关；而习惯性进食直到没有食物剩余（即忽略内部饱腹感信号）与饮食质量较差相关（P < 0.001），并且男性体脂降低 1.6 ± 0.6%（P = 0.03），与习惯性在感到饱之前停止进食的人相比。与 IMT 前相比，更多的新兵报告在 IMT 期间进食更快（82%比 39%）和对内部饱腹感信号的依赖程度降低（55%比 16%）（P < 0.001）。研究结果表明，在进入军队的年轻、主要体重正常的新兵中，进食行为与身体成分和/或饮食质量相关，并且 IMT 与这些进食行为的潜在不利变化有关。
