Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Biofactors. 2019 Sep;45(5):725-739. doi: 10.1002/biof.1541. Epub 2019 Jul 13.
Lipoproteins are the complexes of different lipids and proteins, which are devoted to the transport and clearance of lipids or lipid-related molecules in the circulation. Lipoproteins have been found to play a crucial role in brain function and may influence myelination process. Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major protein component, apoA-I, are directly involved in cholesterol efflux in the brain. It has been suggested that inadequate or dysfunctional brain HDLs may contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunctions, neurodegeneration, or neurovascular instability. HDL deficiency could also promote cognitive decline through impacting on atherosclerotic risk. The focus of this review is to discuss knowledge on HDL dysregulation in neurological disorders. A better understanding on how changes in cellular HDL and apolipoprotein homeostasis affect central nervous system function may provide promising novel avenues for the treatment of specific HDL-related neurological disorders.
脂蛋白是不同脂质和蛋白质的复合物，专门用于在循环中运输和清除脂质或与脂质相关的分子。脂蛋白在脑功能中起着至关重要的作用，并可能影响髓鞘形成过程。在脂蛋白中，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）及其主要蛋白成分载脂蛋白 A-I，直接参与脑内胆固醇外流。有研究表明，脑内 HDL 不足或功能障碍可能导致脑血管功能障碍、神经退行性变或神经血管不稳定。HDL 缺乏也可能通过影响动脉粥样硬化风险导致认知能力下降。本综述的重点是讨论神经紊乱中 HDL 失调的知识。更好地了解细胞内 HDL 和载脂蛋白动态平衡的变化如何影响中枢神经系统功能，可能为治疗特定的与 HDL 相关的神经紊乱提供有前途的新途径。
