Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
J Insect Physiol. 2019 Aug-Sep;117:103912. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103912. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
The peritrophic membrane (or peritrophic matrix: PM) is a thin membranous structure that lies along the midgut epithelium in the midgut lumen and consists of chitin and proteins. PM exists between ingested food material and midgut epithelium cells and it is on the frontline of insect-plant and insect-microbe interactions. Therefore, proteins that play major roles in plant defense against herbivorous insects and in microbial attack on insects should penetrate, destroy or modify the PM to accomplish their roles. Recently, it has become clear that some proteins crucial to plant defense or microbial attack have the PM as their primary target. In addition, several plant defense proteins have been reported to affect the PM, although it is still unclear whether the PM is their primary target. This review introduces several of these proteins: fusolin and enhancin, two proteins produced by insect viruses that greatly enhance infection of the viruses by disrupting the PM; the MLX56 family proteins found in mulberry latex as defense proteins against insect herbivores, which modify the PM to a thick structure that inhibits digestive processes; Mir1-CP, a defense cysteine protease from maize that inhibits the growth of insects at very low concentrations and degrades the PM structures; and chitinases and lectins. The importance, necessary characteristics, and modes of action of PM-targeting proteins are then discussed from a strategic point of view, by spotlighting the importance of selective permeability of the PM. Finally, the review discusses the possibility of applying PM-targeting proteins for the control of pest insects.
围食膜（或围食基质：PM）是一种薄的膜状结构，位于中肠腔的中肠上皮细胞之间，由几丁质和蛋白质组成。PM 存在于摄入的食物和中肠上皮细胞之间，是昆虫-植物和昆虫-微生物相互作用的前沿。因此，在植物防御草食性昆虫和微生物攻击昆虫方面起主要作用的蛋白质应该穿透、破坏或修饰 PM 来完成它们的作用。最近，人们清楚地认识到，一些对植物防御或微生物攻击至关重要的蛋白质将 PM 作为它们的主要靶标。此外，已经报道了几种植物防御蛋白会影响 PM，尽管尚不清楚 PM 是否是它们的主要靶标。本综述介绍了其中的几种蛋白质：昆虫病毒产生的 fusolin 和 enhancin 两种蛋白，它们通过破坏 PM 极大地增强了病毒的感染；在桑树上发现的 MLX56 家族蛋白作为防御昆虫草食者的蛋白，将 PM 修饰为一种抑制消化过程的厚结构；来自玉米的防御半胱氨酸蛋白酶 Mir1-CP，以非常低的浓度抑制昆虫的生长并降解 PM 结构；以及几丁质酶和凝集素。然后从战略角度讨论了靶向 PM 的蛋白质的重要性、必要特征和作用模式，重点强调了 PM 选择性渗透性的重要性。最后，该综述讨论了将靶向 PM 的蛋白质应用于控制害虫的可能性。
