Chatha Shahzad Ali Shahid, Asgher Muhammad, Asgher Rabbia, Hussain Abdullah Ijaz, Iqbal Yasir, Hussain Syed Makhdoom, Bilal Muhammad, Saleem Faizan, Iqbal Hafiz M N
Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 10;690:667-682. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.520. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
Bugs, such as microorganisms and insects, are present in the environment and sometimes can be health-hazardous if the living environment is not maintained following proper hygienic regulations. In the present scenario of increasing public awareness, environmental consciousness, and growing demand for easy-care, and disinfected textiles, the manufacturing of protective and easy-to-care textiles has become a key necessity of the modern world. Comfortable, clean, hygienic, antimicrobial, and insect repelling properties of textile goods are gaining the accelerating research momentum as a basic requirement to produce multifunctional textiles. These functional finishes have numerous applications such as in-home textiles, bed nets, and tenting, camping gear as well as in military uniforms. Synthetic antimicrobial and insect repellents are quite effective against insects and microscopic organisms but are slightly toxic to the human being and the environment. To overcome these problems, researchers are considering natural agents for functional finishes, but their effectiveness is less durable to textile material. Besides needful advantages, the excessive use of dyes in finishing processes heavily required washing cycles and ultimately release various types of hazardous dyes or wasteful effluents in the environment. This review reports the chemical composition and recent developments in textile finishes, particularly antimicrobial and insect repellent textile finishes. A large number of commonly used antimicrobial agents (i.e. chitosan, zwitterionic compounds, silver and silver-based compounds, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, imidazolium salts, triclosan and quaternary ammonium salts) and insect repellent textile finishes (i.e. N‑N‑diethyl‑m‑toluamide, permethrin, cypermethrin, pyrethrum, picaridin, bioallethrin, citriodiol and essential oils) have been presented. Finally, the review is wrapped up with major research gaps/challenges, concluding remarks, and future opportunities in this area of research.
细菌，如微生物和昆虫，存在于环境中，如果生活环境不按照适当的卫生规定进行维护，有时可能对健康有害。在当前公众意识不断提高、环境意识增强以及对易于护理和消毒纺织品的需求不断增长的情况下，生产防护性和易于护理的纺织品已成为现代社会的一项关键需求。纺织品的舒适、清洁、卫生、抗菌和驱虫性能作为生产多功能纺织品的基本要求，正获得越来越快的研究势头。这些功能性整理剂有许多应用，如家用纺织品、蚊帐、帐篷、露营装备以及军装。合成抗菌剂和驱虫剂对昆虫和微生物相当有效，但对人类和环境有轻微毒性。为了克服这些问题，研究人员正在考虑使用天然剂进行功能性整理，但它们对纺织材料的有效性耐久性较差。除了必要的优点外，在整理过程中过度使用染料需要大量的洗涤周期，最终会在环境中释放各种有害染料或废水。本综述报告了纺织品整理剂的化学成分和最新进展，特别是抗菌和驱虫纺织品整理剂。介绍了大量常用的抗菌剂（即壳聚糖、两性离子化合物、银及银基化合物、二氧化钛纳米颗粒、咪唑盐、三氯生和季铵盐）和驱虫纺织品整理剂（即N-N-二乙基间甲苯酰胺、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、除虫菊、派卡瑞丁、生物烯丙菊酯、香茅二醇和精油）。最后，综述总结了该研究领域的主要研究差距/挑战、结束语和未来机遇。
