Gillich Imke M, Jacobsen Thomas, Tomat Miriam, Wendt Mike
Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Germany.
Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Germany.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Jul;198:102879. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102879. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Interference evoked by a distractor presented prior to a target stimulus is reduced when the distractor-target SOA is increased, suggesting inhibition of distractor-related activation. Distractor processing is also assumed to be (strategically) adjusted to the proportions of congruent and incongruent target-distractor combinations, yielding a larger distractor interference effect when the proportion of congruent trials is higher (i.e., Proportion Congruent Effect, PCE). To explore the interplay of proportion congruent-based processing adjustment and the time course of distractor-related activation we varied the proportions of congruent and incongruent trials as well as the distractor-target SOA. To control for item-specific priming we kept distractor-related contingencies (i.e., frequency of individual distractor-target conjunctions) constant for a subset of the stimuli (and used a different subset to manipulate the proportions of congruent and incongruent trials). A PCE occurred, even for the subset of stimuli associated with constant distractor-related contingencies, thus ruling out item-specific contingency learning. Distractor interference was reduced when the SOA was increased, but this reduction did not differ between the proportion congruent conditions, as confirmed by a Bayesian analysis. Our results are consistent with independent processes pertaining to usage of distractor information for biasing response selection and distractor inhibition during the SOA. Alternative interpretations of the independent effects of the PC manipulation and the distractor-target SOA are discussed.
当干扰刺激与目标刺激之间的刺激呈现间隔（SOA）增加时，在目标刺激之前呈现的干扰刺激所引发的干扰会减少，这表明对与干扰刺激相关的激活存在抑制作用。干扰刺激的处理过程也被认为会（策略性地）根据一致和不一致的目标 - 干扰刺激组合的比例进行调整，当一致试验的比例较高时（即一致比例效应，PCE），会产生更大的干扰刺激干扰效应。为了探究基于一致比例的处理调整与干扰刺激相关激活的时间进程之间的相互作用，我们改变了一致和不一致试验的比例以及干扰刺激 - 目标刺激的SOA。为了控制特定项目的启动效应，我们对一部分刺激保持与干扰刺激相关的偶然性（即各个干扰刺激 - 目标刺激组合的频率）不变（并使用不同的子集来操纵一致和不一致试验的比例）。即使对于与恒定的干扰刺激相关偶然性相关的刺激子集，也出现了PCE，从而排除了特定项目的偶然性学习。当SOA增加时，干扰刺激的干扰减少，但正如贝叶斯分析所证实的，这种减少在一致比例条件之间没有差异。我们的结果与在SOA期间使用干扰刺激信息来偏向反应选择和干扰刺激抑制的独立过程一致。讨论了对PC操纵和干扰刺激 - 目标刺激SOA的独立效应的其他解释。
