Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Oct 30;182:109419. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109419. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Parabens are a kind of preservatives widely used in cosmetic and personal care products and ubiquitously detected in the environment. However, little is known on human exposure to these chemicals. Our study mainly investigated the urinary parabens in adults from South China to evaluate the cumulative risk of paraben exposure. A total of 562 urine samples were collected from adult workers for the determination of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben, and benzyl parabens. High detection frequencies (≥98%) were observed for MeP, EtP, and PrP with median concentrations of 8.88, 5.11, and 1.44 μg/L, respectively. Urinary parabens was 4.5-46.2 fold higher in urine of females than those in males. Urinary MeP was associated with alcohol drinking and a history of tumor, while urinary PrP was negatively associated with education levels of the subjects. There were not significant associations between urinary concentrations of parabens and body mass index, which indicated that obesity was not associated with paraben exposure. Also, parabens did not correlate with human dietary habits. Although the total estimated daily intake (TEDI) of the major compound MeP and EtP in adult workers was lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the TEDI of PrP exceed the ADI for a very few subjects, especially for females and low-educated ones, suggesting potential health risks.
对羟基苯甲酸酯是一种广泛应用于化妆品和个人护理产品中的防腐剂，在环境中普遍存在。然而，人们对这些化学物质在人体中的暴露情况知之甚少。本研究主要调查了华南地区成年人尿液中的对羟基苯甲酸酯，以评估对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露的累积风险。共采集了 562 名成年工人的尿液样本，用于测定甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯（MeP）、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（EtP）、丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（PrP）、丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯和苄基对羟基苯甲酸酯。MeP、EtP 和 PrP 的检测频率均较高（≥98%），中位数浓度分别为 8.88、5.11 和 1.44μg/L。女性尿液中的对羟基苯甲酸酯是男性的 4.5-46.2 倍。尿液中的 MeP 与饮酒和肿瘤史有关，而尿液中的 PrP 与受试者的教育水平呈负相关。对羟基苯甲酸酯的尿液浓度与体重指数之间没有显著相关性，这表明肥胖与对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露无关。此外，对羟基苯甲酸酯与人类的饮食习惯也没有相关性。虽然成年工人主要化合物 MeP 和 EtP 的总估计日摄入量（TEDI）低于可接受日摄入量（ADI），但 PrP 的 TEDI 对极少数人，特别是女性和受教育程度较低的人，超过了 ADI，这表明存在潜在的健康风险。
