Kang Hui-Seung, Kyung Min-Sik, Ko Ahra, Park Jae-Hong, Hwang Myung-Sil, Kwon Ji-Eun, Suh Jin-Hyang, Lee Hee-Seok, Moon Gui Im, Hong Jin-Hwan, Hwang In Gyun
Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Naeri, Ansung, Gyunggi 456-756, Republic of Korea.
Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-709, Republic of Korea.
Environ Res. 2016 Apr;146:245-51. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.032. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
Parabens are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents used in a range of consumer products, including personal care products, cosmetics, and food. Recently, the widespread use of parabens has raised concerns about the potential health risks associated with their endocrine-disrupting effect. In the present study, 2541 urine samples were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of the concentrations of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP) and butyl paraben (BuP). The detection rate and geometric mean concentrations of parabens in the general population followed the order MeP (97.7%; 116ng/mL)>EtP (97.2%; 24.7ng/mL)>PrP (96.7%; 11.0ng/mL)>BuP (83.5%; 1.13ng/mL). The composition profiles showed that MeP and EtP accounted for >90% of the urinary paraben concentration. We performed statistical analysis in order to evaluate differences between demographic variables and urinary concentrations. Our results showed that adjusted proportional change of MeP, PrP, and BuP in adults were 2.67-6.13 times higher in females than in males. The urinary concentrations of PrP in adults increased significantly with age. The adjusted proportional changes of MeP and PrP in adults were associated with increased body mass index (BMI). The adjusted proportional changes of BuP and PrP in children and adolescents were 1.44 and 1.69 times higher in females than in males. However, there was no clear association between paraben concentrations and demographic variables in the children and adolescents groups. The estimated daily intake (EDIurine) of MeP and EtP in adults were 301μg/kg bw/day, which is lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 10mg/kg bw/day). In summary, our results revealed that the general population in Korea was exposed to parabens during 2009-2010, and most Koreans are exposed to parabens. The urinary levels of parabens varied by age group with demographic factors in the Korean population. The results of study may be used to establish a nationally representative baseline of exposure to parabens in risk assessment.
对羟基苯甲酸酯是一类广谱抗菌剂，用于一系列消费品中，包括个人护理产品、化妆品和食品。最近，对羟基苯甲酸酯的广泛使用引发了人们对其内分泌干扰效应所带来潜在健康风险的担忧。在本研究中，收集了2541份尿液样本，并采用液相色谱 - 质谱联用技术进行分析，以测定对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EtP）、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（BuP）的浓度。一般人群中对羟基苯甲酸酯的检出率和几何平均浓度顺序为：MeP（97.7%；116ng/mL）>EtP（97.2%；24.7ng/mL）>PrP（96.7%；11.0ng/mL）>BuP（83.5%；1.13ng/mL）。成分分析表明，MeP和EtP占尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度的90%以上。我们进行了统计分析，以评估人口统计学变量与尿液浓度之间的差异。我们的结果显示，成年人中MeP、PrP和BuP的调整比例变化在女性中比男性高2.67至6.13倍。成年人尿液中PrP的浓度随年龄显著增加。成年人中MeP和PrP的调整比例变化与体重指数（BMI）增加有关。儿童和青少年中BuP和PrP的调整比例变化在女性中比男性分别高1.44倍和1.69倍。然而，在儿童和青少年组中，对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度与人口统计学变量之间没有明显关联。成年人中MeP和EtP的估计每日摄入量（EDIurine）为301μg/kg bw/天，低于可接受每日摄入量（ADI；10mg/kg bw/天）。总之，我们的结果表明，2009 - 2010年韩国普通人群接触了对羟基苯甲酸酯，并且大多数韩国人都接触过对羟基苯甲酸酯。韩国人群中对羟基苯甲酸酯的尿液水平因年龄组和人口统计学因素而异。该研究结果可用于在风险评估中建立具有全国代表性的对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露基线。
