Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2019 Sep;23(9):798-809. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.002. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
A common assumption in theories of working memory is that a maintenance process - broadly referred to as rehearsal - is involved in keeping novel information available. This review evaluates the effectiveness of three forms of rehearsal: articulatory rehearsal, attention-based refreshing, and elaborative rehearsal. Evidence for the effectiveness of these strategies is surprisingly weak. Experimental manipulations of articulatory rehearsal have yielded working memory benefits in children, but not in adults; experimentally induced refreshing prioritizes the refreshed information, but yields little benefit compared to a baseline without induced refreshing; and elaborative rehearsal improves episodic long-term memory but has little effect on working memory. Thus, although adults spontaneously use some of these strategies, rehearsal might not play a causal role in keeping information in working memory.
工作记忆理论的一个常见假设是，维持过程——广义上称为复述——涉及保持新信息的可用性。本综述评估了三种复述形式的效果：发音复述、基于注意的刷新和详尽复述。这些策略有效性的证据令人惊讶地薄弱。对发音复述的实验操纵在儿童中产生了工作记忆益处，但在成人中没有；实验诱导的刷新优先考虑刷新的信息，但与没有诱导刷新的基线相比，益处很小；详尽复述可以改善情景长时记忆，但对工作记忆几乎没有影响。因此，尽管成年人自发地使用其中一些策略，但复述可能不是将信息保留在工作记忆中的因果作用。
