Loaiza Vanessa M, McCabe David P
Department of Psychology, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2013;20(4):471-93. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2012.738289.
We investigated age-related changes in two proposed mechanisms of maintenance in working memory, articulatory rehearsal, and attentional refreshing, by examining the consequences of manipulating the opportunity for each on delayed recall. Both experiments utilized modified operation span tasks to vary the opportunity for articulatory rehearsal (Experiment 1) and attentional refreshing opportunities (Experiment 2). In both experiments, episodic memory was tested for items that had been initially studied during the respective operation span task. Older adults' episodic memory benefited less from opportunities for refreshing than younger adults. In contrast, articulatory rehearsal opportunities did not influence episodic memory for either age group. The results suggest that attentional refreshing, and not articulatory rehearsal, is important during working memory in order to bind more accessible traces at later tests, which appears to be more deficient in older adults than younger adults.
我们通过研究操控工作记忆中两种维持机制（发音复述和注意刷新）的机会对延迟回忆的影响，来调查与年龄相关的变化。这两种机制分别是发音复述和注意刷新。两项实验均采用改良的运算广度任务来改变发音复述的机会（实验1）和注意刷新的机会（实验2）。在两项实验中，均对在各自运算广度任务中最初学习过的项目进行情景记忆测试。与年轻人相比，老年人的情景记忆从刷新机会中获益较少。相比之下，发音复述机会对两个年龄组的情景记忆均无影响。结果表明，在工作记忆中，注意刷新而非发音复述对于在后续测试中绑定更容易获取的痕迹很重要，而这一点在老年人中似乎比年轻人更为不足。
