Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
Addict Behav. 2019 Nov;98:106021. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.010. Epub 2019 Jun 13.
As a risk factor for addiction, heroin use, and overdose, the misuse of prescription opioids represents a critical public health challenge. While public attention has primarily centered on opioid misuse among White individuals, less attention has been devoted to opioid misuse among one of the United States' fastest-growing demographic groups: Hispanic immigrants and their descendants. This study therefore examined prescription opioid misuse among U.S. Hispanic adults, with attention to within-group differences and the role of acculturation-related characteristics.
Data were derived from the 7037 U.S. Hispanic adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (2012-2013). Weighted proportions, adjusted odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were computed for past-year and lifetime prescription opioid misuse. Binomial logistic regression models examined the association between acculturation-related characteristics and prescription opioid misuse.
Past-year prevalence of prescription opioid misuse among U.S. Hispanic adults was lower in the first generation (1.6%), compared with the second (4.1%), third (6.8%), and higher-than-third (6.2%) generations, and a similar pattern was observed for lifetime prevalence. Higher generation, greater English language orientation, and length of time living in the United States were significantly associated with higher odds of past-year and lifetime prescription opioid misuse.
Relying solely on comparisons of prevalence between ethnic groups may obscure significant variations within ethnic groups. Second, third, and higher generation Hispanics are higher-risk subgroups, with rates of prescription opioid misuse approaching or surpassing the rates reported among non-Hispanic Whites.
作为成瘾、海洛因使用和过量用药的风险因素，处方类阿片的滥用是一个严重的公共卫生挑战。虽然公众的注意力主要集中在白人个体的阿片类药物滥用上，但对于美国增长最快的人口群体之一——西班牙裔移民及其后代的阿片类药物滥用问题，关注较少。因此，本研究考察了美国西班牙裔成年人的处方类阿片滥用情况，特别关注了群体内差异和与文化适应相关特征的作用。
数据来自于全国酒精相关情况及态度调查-III 期（2012-2013 年）的 7037 名美国西班牙裔成年人。计算了过去一年和终生处方类阿片滥用的加权比例、调整后的优势比和 95%置信区间。二项逻辑回归模型检验了与文化适应相关特征与处方类阿片滥用之间的关联。
美国西班牙裔成年人中过去一年处方类阿片滥用的患病率在第一代（1.6%）低于第二代（4.1%）、第三代（6.8%）和高于第三代（6.2%），终生患病率也呈现类似模式。较高的代际、较强的英语语言取向和在美国生活的时间长短与过去一年和终生处方类阿片滥用的更高几率显著相关。
仅仅依靠族裔群体之间的患病率比较可能掩盖族裔群体内部的显著差异。其次，第二代、第三代和更高代际的西班牙裔是高风险亚群，处方类阿片滥用率接近或超过非西班牙裔白人报告的比率。
