Kumpe D
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1988;11 Suppl:S21-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02577092.
Insertion of a vena cava filter is a therapeutic alternative for patients in whom anticoagulation is not effective or appropriate. The Greenfield filter is associated with a 95% long-term patency rate and a low incidence of mortality or recurrent embolization. Although insertion can be done through the femoral or jugular route, the right femoral vein is the easiest, most direct approach to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Pulmonary arteriography remains the "gold standard" for establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
对于抗凝治疗无效或不适用的患者，植入腔静脉滤器是一种治疗选择。格林菲尔德滤器的长期通畅率为95%，死亡率或复发性栓塞的发生率较低。虽然植入可以通过股静脉或颈静脉途径进行，但右股静脉是进入下腔静脉最简便、最直接的途径。肺动脉造影仍然是诊断肺栓塞的“金标准”。
